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Transport Layer and Security Protocols for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Jan 21, 2005

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Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols

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9.13 SUMMARY

This chapter discussed the major challenges that a transport layer protocol faces in ad hoc wireless networks. The major design goals of a transport layer protocol were listed and a classification of existing transport layer solutions was provided. TCP is the most widely used transport layer protocol and is considered to be the backbone of today's Internet. It provides end-to-end, reliable, byte-streamed, in-order delivery of packets to nodes. Since TCP was designed to handle problems present in traditional wired networks, many of the issues that are present in dynamic topology networks such as ad hoc wireless networks are not addressed. This causes reduction of throughput when TCP is used in ad hoc wireless networks. It is very important to employ TCP in ad hoc wireless networks as it is important to seamlessly communicate with the Internet whenever and wherever it is available. This chapter provided a discussion on the major reasons for the degraded performance of traditional TCP in ad hoc wireless networks and explained a number of recently proposed solutions to improve TCP's performance. Other non-TCP solutions were also discussed in detail.

The second half of this chapter dealt with the security aspect of communication in ad hoc wireless networks. The issues and challenges involved in provisioning security in ad hoc wireless networks were identified. This was followed by a layer-wise classification of the various types of attacks. Detailed discussions on key management techniques and secure routing techniques for ad hoc wireless networks were provided. Table 9.4 lists out the various attacks possible in ad hoc wireless networks along with the solutions proposed for countering those attacks.

Table 9.4. Defense against attacks

Attack	Targeted Layer in the Protocol Stack	Proposed Solutions
Jamming	Physical and MAC layers	FHSS, DSSS
Wormhole attack	Network layer	Packet Leashes [16]
Blackhole attack	Network layer	[25], [29]
Byzantine attack	Network layer	[17]
Resource consumption attack	Network layer	SEAD [26]
Information disclosure	Network layer	SMT [30]
Location disclosure	Network layer	SRP [30], NDM [31]
Routing attacks	Network layer	[19], SEAD [26], ARAN [28], ARIADNE [32]
Repudiation	Application layer	ARAN [28]
Denial of Service	Multi-layer	SEAD [26], ARIADNE [32]
Impersonation	Multi-layer	ARAN [28]

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