Preliminary GNU and Unix Commands

Dec 6, 2004

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Command Summary

Table 3.13 lists the commands that were discussed in this chapter.

GNU and Unix Commands

Utility	Default Purpose
`&`	Start a process in the background
`bg`	Move a job to the background
`cat`	Display the contents of a file
`cd`	Change from the current directory to another
`cp`	Copy a file or directory
`cut`	Extract a field from each line of a file
`dd`	Copy files between media
`egrep`	Originally combined features of `grep` and `fgrep` with new possibilities; can now be emulated with `grep –E`
`fg`	Move a job to the foreground
`fgrep`	Originally offered features not found in `grep`, but can now be emulated with `grep -F`
`find`	Locate a file based on given criteria
`fmt`	Allows you to format the output to fit the desired display
`grep`	Displays lines that contain the given string
`head`	Display the beginning lines of a file
`jobs`	Display a list of jobs running in the background
`join`	Combine columns from two files into a single display
`kill`	End a process
`killall`	End several processes
`ls`	List files and directories on the system
`mkdir`	Make directories
`mv`	Rename/move a file or directory
`nice`	Start a process at a priority other than the default
`nl`	Number the lines of a file
`paste`	Put the contents of two files in a single display
`ps`	Show the running processes
`pstree`	Graphically depict the relationship between processes
`pwd`	Display the current directory—always in absolute format
`renice`	Change the priority of a running process
`rm`	Remove files and directories
`rmdir`	Remove empty directories
`sed`	Allows text to be changed before being displayed
`sort`	Sorts the lines of the file
`stty`	Show the settings for the terminal
`tac`	Display the contents of a file in reverse order
`tail`	Display the last lines of a file
`tee`	Send output to default and to a file
`top`	Show and monitor system information and processes
`touch`	Change the times associated with a file
`tr`	Translate one set of characters into another
`wait`	Suspend further processing until another process completes
`wc`	Count the number of words, lines, and characters/bytes within a file
`xargs`	Pass the output of one command into another

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