- Chapter 3: Using Arrays
- 1 Declaring an Array
- 2 Printing Out an Array
- 3 Eliminating Duplicate Elements
- 4 Enlarging or Shrinking an Array
- 5 Merging Arrays
- 6 Iteratively Processing Elements in an Array
- 7 Accessing the Current Element in an Array
- 8 Accessing Different Areas of an Array
- 9 Searching an Array
- 10 Searching for the Different Elements in Two Arrays
- 11 Randomizing the Elements of an Array
- 12 Determining the Union, Intersection, or Difference Between Two Arrays
- 13 Sorting an Array
- 14 Sorting Sensibly
- 15 Reversing Order
- 16 Perl-Based Array Manipulation Features
3.12 Determining the Union, Intersection, or Difference Between Two Arrays
You want to find out the unions and differences of two arrays.
Technique
To find the intersection of two arrays, use the array_intersect() function:
<?php
// Define the Arrays
$common = array ("Marriages","were","made","in","heaven");
$oscar_wilde = array ("Divorces","were","made","in","heaven");
$intersection = array_intersect ($common, $oscar_wilde);
?>
Or, if you want to know how many different items and how many similarities exist:
<?php
// Define the Arrays
$common = array ("Marriages","were","made","in","heaven");
$oscar_wilde = array ("Divorces","were","made","in","heaven");
$difference = array_diff ($common, $oscar_wilde);
$intersection = array_intersect ($common, $oscar_wilde);
$diff_num = count ($difference);
$intersect_num = count ($intersection);
?>
If you want to calculate the union of two arrays, keep an index of what you've already seen in one array and then match it with the next array:
<?php
$common = array("Marriages", "were", "made", "in", "heaven");
$oscar_wilde = array("Divorces", "were", "made", "in", "heaven");
$union = array();
foreach ($common as $ele) { $seen[$ele] = 1; }
foreach ($oscar_wilde as $ele) {
if ($seen[$ele] == 1) {
array_push ($union, $ele);
$seen[$ele]++;
}
}
?>
Finally, let us calculate the symmetric difference of the two arrays:
<?php
// Define the Arrays
$common = array ("Marriages","were","made","in","heaven");
$oscar_wilde = array ("Divorces","were","made","in","heaven");
$symdiff = array();
foreach ($common as $ele) {
if (!in_array ($oscar_wilde, $ele)) {
array_push ($symdiff, $ele);
}
}
foreach ($oscar_wilde as $ele) {
if (!in_array ($common, $ele)) {
array_push ($symdiff, $ele);
}
}
$symdiff = array_unique($symdiff);
?>
Comments
The first part of the recipe finds the intersection of the two arrays without any duplicates. The $intersection array contains the array of items that are common to both arrays. The second part of the recipe does the same thing as the first part, except that now we count how many items are in the $intersection array and how many items are in the $difference array. The third part of the recipe finds the union of two arrays, which is all elements that are in both arrays. Finally, the last part of the recipe is a script that not only does what the earlier one does, but also finds the symmetric difference of the two arrays. The symmetric difference of two arrays is the items that are not in both arrays, but are in one array or the other.