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More on IL Programming Fundamentals
Now that you know how to write simple programs using IL, let's move ahead writing more examples.
Concatenating Strings
The program in Listing 2 concatenates two strings and displays the result. It differs from the program in Listing 1 only by the symbol + in the ldstr instruction.
Listing 2—Concatenation
.assembly welcome{}
.assembly extern mscorlib {}
.method static public void main() cil managed
{ .entrypoint
.maxstack 1
ldstr "Welcome to .NET Technology Group" + " - PCS"
call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(class System.String)
ret
}
Newline Character
Using the newline character \n is the same as that in most languages, such as C/C++, C#, and Java (see Listing 3).
Listing 3—Newline Character
.assembly welcome{}
.assembly extern mscorlib {}
.method static public void main() cil managed
{ .entrypoint
.maxstack 1
ldstr "Welcome to .NET Technology Group\n" + "PCS"
call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(class System.String)
ret
}
Declaring a Class and Constructors
Listing 4 shows how to declare a class and constructor using IL. To declare a class we need to use the .class directive. Since a constructor is also a method, it's declared in the same way as that of any other method.
Listing 4—Declaring a Class and Constructor
Assembly Name: ILCODE
Class Name: NRS
Constructor Name: NRS
Method Name: main()
.assembly ILCODE {}
.class public auto ansi NRS extends [mscorlib]System.Object
{
.method public hidebysig specialname rtspecialname instance void .ctor() il managed
{
call instance void [mscorlib]System.Object::.ctor()
ret
}
.method public hidebysig static void main() il managed
{
ldstr "Welcome to .NET Technology Group - PCS"
call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(class System.String)
ret
}
}
Before moving further let's examine assemblies, manifests, modules, files, attributes, and metadata. Understanding these terms will help you to have good control over the intermediate language.