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Introduction to the ZigBee Wireless Sensor and Control Network

Dec 2, 2009

📄 Contents

␡

Introduction
2.1 ZigBee Network Characteristics
2.2 ZigBee Device Types
2.3 ZigBee Topologies
2.4 End Device (Node) Addressing
2.5 Depth of a Network, Number of Children, and Network Address Allocation
2.6 ZigBee Protocol Architecture
2.7 ZigBee and ZigBee Pro Feature Sets
Summary
References

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2.1 ZigBee Network Characteristics

Several standards currently exist for wireless networks, including Bluetooth, WiFi, and WiMax. ZigBee is a new standard for wireless sensor and control networks. It has the following characteristics:

Low battery consumption. A ZigBee end device should operate for months or even years without needing its battery replaced.
Low cost.
Low data rate. The maximum data rate for a ZigBee device is 250Kbps.
Easy to implement.
Supports up to 65,000 nodes connected in a network.
ZigBee can automatically establish its network.
ZigBee uses small packets compared with WiFi and Bluetooth.

Table 2.1 shows a comparison of ZigBee characteristics with those of WiFi and Bluetooth.

Table 2.1. ZigBee, Bluetooth, and WiFi Characteristics

	WiFi IEEE 802.11	Bluetooth IEEE 802.15.1	ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4
Application	Wireless LAN	Cable replacement	Control and monitor
Frequency bands	2.4GHz	2.4GHz	2.4GHz, 868MHz, 915MHz
Battery life (days)	0.1–5	1–7	100–7,000
Nodes per network	30	7	65,000
Bandwidth	2–100Mbps	1Mbps	20–250Kbps
Range (meters)	1–100	1–10	1–75 and more
Topology	Tree	Tree	Star, tree, cluster tree, and mesh
Standby current	20 * 10–3 amps	200 * 10–6 amps	3 * 10–6 amps
Memory	100KB	100KB	32–60KB

Table 2.1 shows that Bluetooth, while similar in functionality to ZigBee, does not offer the range of topologies, and its standby current is nearly 70 times more than ZigBee. Of the three wireless networks under comparison, ZigBee is the only one that offers mesh topology. In addition, a ZigBee end device can be in sleep mode and still keep its association with its network. ZigBee is considered a more sophisticated network when compared to either Bluetooth or WiFi.

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