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Understanding Core Exchange Server 2010 Design Plans

  • Nov 23, 2009
This chapter focuses specifically on the Exchange Server 2010 components required for design. Key decision-making factors influencing design are presented and tied into overall strategy.
This chapter is from the book

This chapter is from the book

Exchange Server 2010 UnleashedExchange Server 2010 Unleashed

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This chapter is from the book

This chapter is from the book

Exchange Server 2010 UnleashedExchange Server 2010 Unleashed

Learn More Buy

IN THIS CHAPTER

  • Planning for Exchange Server 2010
  • Understanding AD Design Concepts for Exchange Server 2010
  • Determining Exchange Server 2010 Placement
  • Configuring Exchange Server 2010 for Maximum Performance and Reliability
  • Securing and Maintaining an Exchange Server 2010 Implementation

The fundamental capabilities of Microsoft Exchange Server 2010 are impressive. Improvements to security, reliability, and scalability enhance an already road-tested and stable Exchange Server platform. Along with these impressive credentials comes an equally impressive design task. Proper design of an Exchange Server 2010 platform will do more than practically anything to reduce headaches and support calls in the future. Many complexities of Exchange Server might seem daunting, but with a full understanding of the fundamental components and improvements, the task of designing the Exchange Server 2010 environment becomes manageable.

This chapter focuses specifically on the Exchange Server 2010 components required for design. Key decision-making factors influencing design are presented and tied into overall strategy. All critical pieces of information required to design Exchange Server 2010 implementations are outlined and explained. Enterprise Exchange Server design and planning concepts are expanded in Chapter 4, "Architecting an Enterprise-Level Exchange Server Environment."

Planning for Exchange Server 2010

Designing Exchange Server used to be a fairly simple task. When an organization needed email and the decision was made to go with Exchange Server, the only real decision to make was how many Exchange servers were needed. Primarily, organizations really needed only email and eschewed any "bells and whistles."

Exchange Server 2010, on the other hand, takes messaging to a whole new level. No longer do organizations require only an email system, but high level of system availability and resilience and other messaging and unified communications functionality. After the productivity capabilities of an enterprise email platform have been demonstrated, the need for more productivity improvements arises. Consequently, it is wise to understand the integral design components of Exchange Server before beginning a design project.

Outlining Significant Changes in Exchange Server 2010

Exchange Server 2010 is the evolution of a product that has consistently been improving over the years from its roots. Since the Exchange 5.x days, Microsoft has released dramatic improvements with Exchange 2000 Server and later Exchange Server 2003. Microsoft then followed upon the success of Exchange Server 2003 with some major architectural changes with Exchange Server 2007. This latest version, Exchange Server 2010, uses a similar architecture to Exchange Server 2007 but adds, extends, and perfects elements of Exchange Server design.

The major areas of improvement in Exchange Server 2010 include many of the concepts and technologies introduced in Exchange Server 2007 but expand upon them and include additional improvements. Key areas improved upon in Exchange Server 2010 architecture include the following:

  • Database Availability Groups (DAGs)—The Exchange Server 2007 concept of Clustered Continuous Replication (CCR) has been greatly improved and replaced with a concept called Database Availability Groups (DAGs), which allow a copy of an Exchange Server mailbox database to exist in up to 16 locations within an Exchange Server organization. Because Continuous Replication is no longer limited to two servers, there is no longer any need for concepts such as Standby Continuous Replication (SCR) or Local Continuous Replication (LCR) because they are all superseded by DAG technology.
  • Transport and access improvements—All client access is now funneled through the Client Access server (CAS) role in an organization, which allows for improvements in client access and limited end-user disruption during mailbox moves and maintenance. In addition, Exchange Server 2010 guards against lost emails due to hardware failures by keeping "shadow copies" of mail data on Hub and Edge Transport servers that can be re-sent in the event of loss.
  • Integrated archiving capabilities—Exchange Server 2010 provides users and administrators the ability to archive messages for the purpose of cleaning up a mailbox of old messages, as well as for legal reasons for applying a retention policy on key messages. In addition, a second archive mailbox can be associated with a user's primary mailbox, allowing seamless access to the archived messages from OWA or full Outlook. Users can simply drag and drop messages into their archive folder, or a policy or rule can be set to have messages automatically moved to the archive folder.
  • "Access anywhere" improvements—Microsoft has focused a great deal of Exchange Server 2010 development time on new access methods for Exchange Server, including an enhanced Outlook Web App (OWA) that works with a variety of Microsoft and third-party browsers, Microsoft ActiveSync improvements, improved Outlook Voice Access (OVA), unified messaging support, and Outlook Anywhere enhancements. Having these multiple access methods greatly increases the design flexibility of Exchange Server because end users can access email via multiple methods.
  • Protection and compliance enhancements—Exchange Server 2010 now includes a variety of antispam, antivirus, and compliance mechanisms to protect the integrity of messaging data. Exchange Server 2010 also includes the capability to establish a second, integrated archive mailbox for users that is made available through all traditional access mechanisms, including OWA. This allows for older archived items to be available to users without the mail actually being stored in the individual's mailbox, enabling an organization to do better storage management and content management of mail messages throughout the enterprise.
  • Admin tools improvements and Exchange PowerShell scripting—Introduced as the primary management tool for Exchange Server 2007, Exchange Server 2010 improves upon PowerShell capabilities and adds additional PowerShell applets and functions. Indeed, the graphical user interface (GUI) itself sits on top of the scripting engine and simply fires scripts based on the task that an administrator chooses in the GUI. This allows for an unprecedented level of control.

It is important to incorporate the concepts of these improvements into any Exchange Server design project because their principles often drive the design process.

Reviewing Exchange Server and Operating System Requirements

Exchange Server 2010 has some specific requirements, both hardware and software, that must be taken into account when designing. These requirements fall into several categories:

  • Hardware
  • Operating system
  • Active Directory
  • Exchange Server version

Each requirement must be addressed before Exchange Server 2010 can be deployed.

Reviewing Hardware Requirements

It is important to design Exchange Server hardware to scale out to the user load, which is expected for up to 3 years from the date of implementation. This helps retain the value of the investment put into Exchange Server. Specific hardware configuration advice is offered in later sections of this book.

Reviewing Operating System (OS) Requirements

Exchange Server 2010 is optimized for installation on Windows Server 2008 (Service Pack 2 or later) or Windows Server 2008 R2. The increases in security and the fundamental changes to Internet Information Services (IIS) in Windows Server 2008 provide the basis for many of the improvements in Exchange Server 2010. The specific compatibility matrix, which indicates compatibility between Exchange Server versions and operating systems, is illustrated in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1. Exchange Server Version Compatibility

Version

Win NT 4.0

Windows 2000

Windows 2003

Windows 2003 R2

Windows 2008

Windows 2008 R2

Exchange Server 5.5

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

Exchange 2000 Server

No

Yes

No

No

No

No

Exchange Server 2003

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Exchange Server 2007

No

No

Yes *

Yes *

Yes *

Yes *

Exchange Server 2010

No

No

No

No

Yes *

Yes *

Understanding Active Directory (AD) Requirements

Exchange Server originally maintained its own directory. With the advent of Exchange 2000 Server, however, the directory for Exchange Server was moved to the Microsoft Active Directory, the enterprise directory system for Windows. This gave greater flexibility and consolidated directories but at the same time increased the complexity and dependencies for Exchange Server. Exchange Server 2010 uses the same model but requires specific AD functional levels and domain controller specifics to run properly.

Exchange Server 2010, while requiring an AD forest in all deployment scenarios, has certain flexibility when it comes to the type of AD it uses. It is possible to deploy Exchange Server in the following scenarios:

  • Single forest—The simplest and most traditional design for Exchange Server is one where Exchange Server is installed within the same forest used for user accounts. This design also has the least amount of complexity and synchronization concerns to worry about.
  • Resource forest—The Resource forest model in Exchange Server 2010 involves the deployment of a dedicated forest exclusively used for Exchange Server itself, and the only user accounts within it are those that serve as a placeholder for a mailbox. These user accounts are not logged onto by the end users, but rather the end users are given access to them across cross-forest trusts from their particular user forest to the Exchange Server forest. More information on this deployment model can be found in Chapter 4.
  • Multiple forests—Different multiple forest models for Exchange Server are presently available, but they do require a greater degree of administration and synchronization. In these models, different Exchange Server organizations live in different forests across an organization. These different Exchange Server organizations are periodically synchronized to maintain a common Global Address List (GAL). More information on this deployment model can also be found in Chapter 4.

It is important to determine which design model will be chosen before proceeding with an Exchange Server deployment because it is complex and expensive to change the AD structure of Exchange Server after it has been deployed.

Outlining Exchange Server Version Requirements

As with previous versions of Exchange Server, there are separate Enterprise and Standard versions of the Exchange Server 2010 product. The Standard Edition supports all Exchange Server 2010 functionality with the exception of the fact that it is limited to no more than five databases on a single server.

NOTE

Unlike previous versions of the software, Microsoft provides only a single set of media for Exchange Server 2010. When installed, server version can be set by simply inputting a licensed key. A server can be upgraded from the Trial version to Standard/Enterprise or from Standard to Enterprise. It cannot, however, be downgraded.

Scaling Exchange Server 2010

Exchange 2000 originally provided the basis for servers that could easily scale out to thousands of users in a single site, if necessary. Exchange Server 2003 further improved the situation by introducing Messaging Application Programming Interface (MAPI) compression and RPC over HTTP. Exchange Server 2007 and its 64-bit architecture allowed for even further scalability and reduced IO levels. Finally, Exchange Server 2010 and the separation of client traffic to load-balanced Client Access Servers enable the client tier to be much more scalable than with previous versions.

Site consolidation concepts enable organizations that might have previously deployed Exchange servers in remote locations to have those clients access their mailboxes across wide area network (WAN) links or dial-up connections by using the enhanced Outlook 2007/2010 or OWA clients. This solves the problem that previously existed of having to deploy Exchange servers and global catalog (GC) servers in remote locations, with only a handful of users, and greatly reduces the infrastructure costs of setting up Exchange Server.

Having Exchange Server 2010 Coexist with an Existing Network Infrastructure

In a design scenario, it is necessary to identify any systems that require access to email data or services. For example, it might be necessary to enable a third-party monitoring application to relay mail off the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) engine of Exchange Server so that alerts can be sent. Identifying these needs during the design portion of a project is subsequently important.

Identifying Third-Party Product Functionality

Microsoft built specific hooks into Exchange Server 2010 to enable third-party applications to improve upon the built-in functionality provided by the system. For example, built-in support for antivirus scanning, backups, and unified messaging exist right out of the box, although functionality is limited without the addition of third-party software. The most common additions to Exchange Server implementation are the following:

  • Antivirus
  • Backup
  • Phone/PBX integration
  • Fax software

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