- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Control Structures
- 4.3 if Selection Statement
- 4.4 if...else Double-Selection Statement
- 4.5 while Repetition Statement
- 4.6 Counter-Controlled Repetition
- 4.7 Sentinel-Controlled Repetition
- 4.8 Nested Control Statements
- 4.9 Assignment Operators
- 4.10 Increment and Decrement Operators
- 4.11 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Class Attributes in the ATM System
- 4.12 Wrap-Up
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4.12 Wrap-Up
You learned that only three types of control structures—sequence, selection and repetition—are needed to develop any algorithm. We demonstrated two of C++'s selection statements—the if single-selection statement and the if...else double-selection statement. The if statement is used to execute a set of statements based on a condition—if the condition is true, the statements execute; if it is not, the statements are skipped. The if...else double-selection statement is used to execute one set of statements if a condition is true, and another set of statements if the condition is false. We then discussed the while repetition statement, where a set of statements are executed repeatedly as long as a condition is true. We used control-statement stacking to total and compute the average of a set of student grades with counter- and sentinel-controlled repetition, and we used control-statement nesting to analyze and make decisions based on a set of exam results. We introduced assignment operators, which can be used for abbreviating statements. We presented the increment and decrement operators, which can be used to add or subtract the value 1 from a variable. In Chapter 5, Control Statements: Part 2, we continue our discussion of control statements, introducing the for, do...while and switch statements.