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THE FIRST PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR OPERATIONALIZING RESPONSIBLE AIFROM MUL TI°LEVEL GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS TO CONCRETE DESIGN PATTERNS AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES.
AI is solving real-world challenges and transforming industries. Yet, there are serious concerns about its ability to behave and make decisions in a responsible way. Operationalizing responsible AI is about providing concrete guidelines to a wide range of decisionmakers and technologists on how to govern, design, and build responsible AI systems. These include governance mechanisms at the industry, organizational, and team level; software engineering best practices; architecture styles and design patterns; system-level techniques connecting code with data and models; and trade-offs in design decisions. Responsible AI includes a set of practices that technologists (for example, technology-conversant decision-makers, software developers, and AI practitioners) can undertake to ensure the AI systems they develop or adopt are trustworthy throughout the entire lifecycle and can be trusted by those who use them. The book offers guidelines and best practices not just for the AI part of a system, but also for the much larger software infrastructure that typically wraps around the AI.
Preface.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
About the Author.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Part I Background and Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1 Introduction to Responsible AI. . . . . . . . . 3
What Is Responsible AI?. . . . . . . . . . . . 4
What Is AI?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Developing AI Responsibly: Who Is Responsible for Putting the
Responsible into AI?.. . . . . . . . . . . . 8
About This Book.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
How to Read This Book.. . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 Operationalizing Responsible AI: A Thought ExperimentRobbie the Robot.. . . . . . . . 13
A Thought ExperimentRobbie the Robot.. . . . . . . . 13
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Part II Responsible AI Pattern Catalogue. . . . . . . . . . . 23
3 Overview of the Responsible AI Pattern Catalogue. . . . . 25
The Key Concepts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Why Is Responsible AI Different?. . . . . . . . . . 30
A Pattern-Oriented Approach for Responsible AI.. . . . . . . 32
4 Multi-Level Governance Patterns for Responsible AI.. . . . 39
Industry-Level Governance Patterns. . . . . . . . . 42
Organization-Level Governance Patterns.. . . . . . . . 56
Team-Level Governance Patterns.. . . . . . . . . . 72
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5 Process Patterns for Trustworthy Development Processes. . . 87
Requirements.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Implementation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
6 Product Patterns for Responsible-AI-by-Design.. . . . . 121
Product Pattern Collection Overview.. . . . . . . . . 122
Supply Chain Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . 123
System Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Operation Infrastructure Patterns. . . . . . . . . 141
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
7 Pattern-Oriented Reference Architecture for Responsible-AI-by-Design. . . . . . . . . 159
Architectural Principles for Designing AI Systems. . . . . . 160
Pattern-Oriented Reference Architecture.. . . . . . . . 161
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
8 Principle-Specific Techniques for Responsible AI.. . . . . 167
Fairness.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Privacy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Explainability. . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Part III Case Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
9 Risk-Based AI Governance in Telstra. . . . . . . 185
Policy and Awareness.. . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Assessing Risk.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Learnings from Practice. . . . . . . . . . . 192
Future Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
10 Reejig: The Worlds First Independently Audited Ethical Talent AI.. . . . . . . . . . . 197
How Is AI Being Used in Talent?.. . . . . . . . . . 198
What Does Bias in Talent AI Look Like?.. . . . . . . . 200
Regulating Talent AI Is a Global Issue.. . . . . . . . . 201
Reejigs Approach to Ethical Talent AI. . . . . . . . . 202
How Ethical AI Evaluation Is Done: A Case Study in Reejigs World-First Independently Audited Ethical Talent AI. . . . . . . . 204
Overview.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Project Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
The Ethical AI Framework Used for the Audit.. . . . . . . 207
The Benefits of Ethical Talent AI.. . . . . . . . . . 210
Reejigs Outlook on the Future of Ethical Talent AI.. . . . . . 211
11 Diversity and Inclusion in Artificial Intelligence.. . . . . 213
Importance of Diversity and Inclusion in AI.. . . . . . . 215
Definition of Diversity and Inclusion in Artificial Intelligence. . . . 216
Guidelines for Diversity and Inclusion in Artificial Intelligence. . . . 219
Conclusion.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Part IV Looking to the Future. . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
12 The Future of Responsible AI.. . . . . . . . . 239
Regulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Education.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Standards.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Tools.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Public Awareness.. . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Final Remarks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Part V Appendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
9780138073923, TOC, 11/7/2023