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Sams Teach Yourself XML in 21 Days

Sep 16, 2005

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Dissecting an XML Schema

The first thing to note about the XML schema in Listing 6.7 is that it's a well-formed XML document. That is, it uses proper XML elements to declare the syntax of the XML document ch06_06.xml. To start, it uses an XML declaration to declare the namespace prefix xsd (the usual name for this namespace prefix in XML schemas), and it assigns the URI www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema to that prefix, which is how the W3C says you must do things in XML schemas, in a special element named <xsd:schema>:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
        .
        .
        .
</xsd:schema>

The items in the schema appear in special elements that are legal to use in XML schemas, like the following, which declares an annotation for the XML schema explaining what it's for:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
    <xsd:annotation>

           <xsd:documentation>

               Mortgage record XML schema.

           </xsd:documentation>

       </xsd:annotation>
        .
        .
        .
</xsd:schema>

Here you're putting the <xsd:documentation> element with the text "Mortgage record XML schema." inside the <xsd:annotation> element, creating a comment in the schema. (You'll hear more about XML schema annotations tomorrow.) Annotations like this one are ignored by XML processors.

Although much of this schema is still unfamiliar to you, you can already see some of what's going on. In particular, note that you use <xsd:element> to declare elements and <xsd:attribute> to declare attributes:

<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
    <xsd:annotation>
        <xsd:documentation>
            Mortgage record XML schema.
        </xsd:documentation>
    </xsd:annotation>
    <xsd:element name="document" type="documentType"/>
    <xsd:complexType name="documentType">
        <xsd:sequence>
            <xsd:element ref="comment" minOccurs="1"/>

               <xsd:element name="mortgagee" type="recordType"/>

               <xsd:element name="mortgages" type="mortgagesType"/>

               <xsd:element name="bank" type="recordType"/>
        </xsd:sequence>
        <xsd:attribute name="documentDate" type="xsd:date"/>
    </xsd:complexType>
        .
        .
        .
</xsd:schema>

As you can see, there are specific elements that are legal in schemas. The following section explains what they are.

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