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Sams Teach Yourself XML in 21 Days

Sep 16, 2005

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Introducing SVG

There have been a number of XML-based 2D graphics languages over the years. One of them—Vector Markup Language (VML)—is supported only in Internet Explorer. It's more correct to call VML a semi-XML language, actually. Listing 13.1 shows an example of VML that is embedded in HTML. VML has a major drawback: It is supported only in Internet Explorer.

Example 13.1. Using VML (`ch13_01.html`)

<HTML xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml">

    <HEAD>
        <TITLE>
            Vector Markup Language Example
        </TITLE>

        <STYLE>
        v\:* {behavior: url(#default#VML);}
        </STYLE>
    </HEAD>

    <BODY>
        <CENTER>
            <H1>
                Vector Markup Language Example
            </H1>
        </CENTER>
        <v:rect style='width:80pt; height:60pt' fillcolor="green"
            strokecolor="red" strokeweight="4pt"/>
        <v:oval style='width:80pt; height:60pt' fillcolor="red"/>
    </BODY>
</HTML>

Figure 13.1 shows what this example looks like in Internet Explorer.

Figure 13.1 A VML example.

Whereas VML is a proprietary semi-XML application that works only in Internet Explorer, SVG is more broadly based, and by using the SVG Viewer plug-in from Adobe, you can use SVG in browsers such as Netscape Navigator as well as Internet Explorer.

SVG is a general-purpose 2D graphics language that supports all kinds of powerful tools. It lets you draw basic shapes such as ellipses, rectangles, lines, and polygons, as well as display text, gradients, and so on. You can also create hyperlinks, script SVG by using languages such as JavaScript, and create animation. Here's how W3C describes SVG:

SVG is a language for describing two-dimensional graphics in XML. SVG allows for three types of graphic objects: vector graphic shapes (e.g., paths consisting of straight lines and curves), images and text. Graphical objects can be grouped, styled, transformed and composited into previously rendered objects. Text can be in any XML namespace suitable to the application, which enhances searchability and accessibility of the SVG graphics. The feature set includes nested transformations, clipping paths, alpha masks, filter effects, template objects and extensibility.
SVG drawings can be dynamic and interactive. The Document Object Model (DOM) for SVG, which includes the full XML DOM, allows for straightforward and efficient vector graphics animation via scripting. A rich set of event handlers such as onmouseover and onclick can be assigned to any SVG graphical object. Because of its compatibility and leveraging of other Web standards, features like scripting can be done on SVG elements and other XML elements from different namespaces simultaneously within the same Web page.

SVG includes the following built-in elements:

`a`	`altGlyph`	`altGlyphDef`
`altGlyphItem`	`animate`	`animateColor`
`animateMotion`	`animateTransform`	`circle`
`clipPath`	`color-profile`	`cursor`
`definition-src`	`defs`	`desc`
`ellipse`	`feBlend`	`feColorMatrix`
`feComponentTransfer`	`feComposite`	`feConvolveMatrix`
`feDiffuseLighting`	`feDisplacementMap`	`feDistantLight`
`feFlood`	`feFuncA`	`feFuncB`
`feFuncG`	`feFuncR`	`feGaussianBlur`
`feImage`	`feMerge`	`feMergeNode`
`feMorphology`	`feOffset`	`fePointLight`
`feSpecularLighting`	`feSpotLight`	`feTile`
`feTurbulence`	`filter`	`font`
`font-face`	`font-face-format`	`font-face-name`
`font-face-src`	`font-face-uri`	`foreignObject`
`g`	`glyph`	`glyphRef`
`hkern`	`image`	`line`
`linearGradient`	`marker`	`mask`
`metadata`	`missing-glyph`	`mpath`
`path`	`pattern`	`polygon`
`polyline`	`radialGradient`	`rect`
`script`	`set`	`stop`
`style`	`svg`	`switch`
`symbol`	`text`	`textPath`
`title`	`tref`	`tspan`
`use`	`view`	`vkern`

SVG is actually a language of considerable depth; it includes all kinds of advanced features, such as spotlighting of elements and abstract shape modeling. Although today's discussion doesn't have the space to cover everything about SVG, you'll get a good SVG foundation.

Besides all the built-in elements, SVG also has the following colors predefined and ready for use:

`aliceblue`	`antiquewhite`	`aqua`
`aquamarine`	`azure`	`beige`
`bisque`	`black`	`blanchedalmond`
`blue`	`blueviolet`	`brown`
`burlywood`	`cadetblue`	`chartreuse`
`chocolate`	`coral`	`cornflowerblue`
`cornsilk`	`crimson`	`cyan`
`darkblue`	`darkcyan`	`darkgoldenrod`
`darkgray`	`darkgreen`	`darkgrey`
`darkkhaki`	`darkmagenta`	`darkolivegreen`
`darkorange`	`darkorchid`	`darkred`
`darksalmon`	`darkseagreen`	`darkslateblue`
`darkslategray`	`darkslategrey`	`darkturquoise`
`darkviolet`	`deeppink`	`deepskyblue`
`dimgray`	`dimgrey`	`dodgerblue`
`firebrick`	`floralwhite`	`forestgreen`
`fuchsia`	`gainsboro`	`ghostwhite`
`gold`	`goldenrod`	`gray`
`grey`	`green`	`greenyellow`
`honeydew`	`hotpink`	`indianred`
`indigo`	`ivory`	`khaki`
`lavender`	`lavenderblush`	`lawngreen`
`lemonchiffon`	`lightblue`	`lightcoral`
`lightcyan`	`lightgoldenrodyellow`	`lightgray`
`lightgreen`	`lightgrey`	`lightpink`
`lightsalmon`	`lightseagreen`	`lightskyblue`
`lightslategray`	`lightslategrey`	`lightsteelblue`
`lightyellow`	`lime`	`limegreen`
`linen`	`magenta`	`maroon`
`mediumaquamarine`	`mediumblue`	`mediumorchid`
`mediumpurple`	`mediumseagreen`	`mediumslateblue`
`mediumspringgreen`	`mediumturquoise`	`mediumvioletred`
`midnightblue`	`mintcream`	`mistyrose`
`moccasin`	`navajowhite`	`navy`
`oldlace`	`olive`	`olivedrab`
`orange`	`orangered`	`orchid`
`palegoldenrod`	`palegreen`	`paleturquoise`
`palevioletred`	`papayawhip`	`peachpuff`
`peru`	`pink`	`plum`
`powderblue`	`purple`	`red`
`rosybrown`	`royalblue`	`saddlebrown`
`salmon`	`sandybrown`	`seagreen`
`seashell`	`sienna`	`silve`
`skyblue`	`slateblue`	`slategray`
`slategrey`	`snow`	`springgreen`
`steelblue`	`tan`	`teal`
`thistle`	`tomato`	`turquoise`
`violet`	`wheat`	`white`
`whitesmoke`	`yellow`	`yellowgreen`

In addition, you can specify colors by using hexadecimal numbers as in HTML. For example, #000000 is black, #0000FF is blue, and #FFFFFF is white.

Now that you've gotten an overview of SVG, you can start putting it to work by creating and testing your own SVG documents. You can use the free-to-download Adobe SVG Viewer to see what your documents look like in a browser.

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