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Sams Teach Yourself XML in 21 Days

Sep 16, 2005

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Summary

In your two-day look at XHTML, you've gotten a good introduction to the subject, and you've seen the major differences between XHTML and HTML. However, there are more than 100 elements in XHTML, and this book doesn't have the space to cover them all. You can get all the details in the W3C XHTML specifications themselves.

Today, you took a look at a number of XHTML elements and their attributes. You've seen that hyperlinks are supported by the <a> element. You must supply a value for either the href or id attribute. Using the id attribute can be problematic in browsers that don't support it (such as Netscape Navigator), in which case you use both the id and name attributes, assigned the same value.

The <link> element lets you link to other documents, which is very useful in XML because the W3C doesn't usually specify how other documents, such as style sheets or XML schemas, may be associated with the current XML document. The <link> element goes in the <head> element of an XHTML document, and you can use the rel and rev attributes to specify relationships with other documents. Some browsers support the <link> element for connecting style sheets to an XHTML (or HMTL) document.

The <img> element displays images in XHTML, just as in HTML. In XHTML, the src and alt attributes are both required. <img> is an empty element, so unlike in HTML, you need to end this element with /> in XHTML.

You can create frames in XHTML by using the <frameset> and <frame> elements, which are supported only in the XHTML 1.0 Frameset DTD. In the <frame> element, the src attribute is required.

Today you saw that there are three ways to associate styles with XHTML. You can use an external style sheet with the <link> element (or the XML processing instruction <?xml-stylesheet?>, if you're treating the XHTML document as XML), you can create an internal style sheet by using the <style> element, or you can style individual elements by using the style attribute.

XHTML also supports the HTML way of formatting tables—using the <table>, <caption>, <tr>, <th>, <td>, <colspan>, <col>, <thead>, <tbody>, and <tfoot> elements.

Today you saw how to extend XHTML. You extended XHTML by creating a DTD that defined a new element and that also included the XHTML 1.0 Transitional DTD. You then used that new DTD in an XHTML document, but HTML browsers couldn't handle the new element when you gave it the extension .html because they treated the document as HTML and didn't understand the new element. You had better luck treating the extended version of XHTML as XML, but doing so meant that you had to style each element individually.

Tomorrow you're going to take a look at two more popular uses for XML as you start to create graphics and handle multimedia: SVG and SMIL.

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