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Sams Teach Yourself XML in 21 Days

Sep 16, 2005

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Creating Frames: `<frame>`

You use the <frame> element to create individual frames. This element is an empty element, and you use it inside the <frameset> element. It is supported in XHTML 1.0 Frameset only. Here are its attributes:

class — Specifies the style class for the element. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Frameset.)
dir — Sets the direction of directionally neutral text. This attribute can be set to ltr, for left-to-right text, or rtl, for right-to-left text. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Frameset.)
frameborder — Specifies whether borders should enclose the frame. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Frameset.)
id — Specifies the ID of the element. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Frameset.)
lang — Specifies the base language of the element. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Frameset.)
longdesc — Holds a longer description of the image. This attribute should be set to a URI. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Frameset.)
marginheight — Specifies the height of the top and bottom margins. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Frameset.)
marginwidth — Specifies the width of the right and left margins. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Frameset.)
name — Specifies the name of the frame. This attribute may be used as a target destination for <a>, <area>, <base>, and <form> elements. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Frameset.)
noresize — Specifies that the frame may not be resized. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Frameset.)
scrolling — Specifies scrollbar action. Possible values are auto, yes, and no. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Frameset.)
src — Specifies the URI of the frame document. This attribute is required. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Frameset.)
style — Indicates how a browser should display the element. You should set this to an inline style. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Strict, XHTML 1.0 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Frameset, and XHTML 1.1.)
title — Specifies the title of the element. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Strict, XHTML 1.0 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Frameset, and XHTML 1.1.)
xml:lang — Specifies the base language for the element when the document is treated as XML. (Supported in XHTML 1.0 Strict, XHTML 1.0 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Frameset, and XHTML 1.1.)

The one required attribute in the <frame> element is the src attribute, which specifies the URI of the document you want to display in the frame. Listing 12.5 is an example that uses the <frameset> element and two <frame> elements to display frames. The documents that will appear in those frames are shown in Listing 12.6 and Listing 12.7.

Example 12.5. Using Frames (`ch12_05.html`)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head>
        <title>
            Working With Frames
        </title>
    </head>

    <frameset cols = "50%, 50%">

           <frame src="ch12_06.html" />

           <frame src="ch12_07.html" />

       </frameset>
</html>

Example 12.6. The XHTML for Frame 1 (`ch12_06.html`)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head>
        <title>
            Working With Frames
        </title>
    </head>

    <body>
    <h1>
        <center>
        Frame 1 says, "I've been framed! "
        </center>
    </h1>
    </body>
</html>

Example 12.7. The XHTML for Frame 2 (`ch12_07.html`)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head>
        <title>
            Working With Frames
        </title>
    </head>

    <body>
    <h1>
        <center>
        Frame 2 says, "Me too!"
        </center>
    </h1>
    </body>
</html>

Figure 12.4 shows what this XHTML looks like in a browser. This example uses the XHTML 1.0 Frameset DTD to create a document that displays documents in frames.

Figure 12.4 Handling frames in XHTML.

Before you start relying on frames too much, though, you should keep in mind that the W3C is trying to get rid of them. Whether they'll go quietly, or go at all, is anyone's guess.

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