Scaling Networks v6 Companion Guide

About

Features

• Portable desk reference for take-home sutdy and reference anytime, anywhere
• Aligns to the online course chapters
• Book-based pedagogy that serves as additional reinforcement in helping students learn the topics covered in the course

Description

Scaling Networks v6 Companion Guide is the official supplemental textbook for the Scaling Networks v6 course in the Cisco Networking Academy CCNA Routing and Switching curriculum.

The Companion Guide is designed as a portable desk reference to use anytime, anywhere to reinforce the material from the course and organize your time.

The book’s features help you focus on important concepts to succeed in this course:

· Chapter objectives–Review core concepts by answering the focus questions listed at the beginning of each chapter.

· Key terms–Refer to the lists of networking vocabulary introduced and highlighted in context in each chapter.

· Glossary–Consult the comprehensive Glossary with more than 250 terms.

· Summary of Activities and Labs–Maximize your study time with this complete list of all associated practice exercises at the end of each chapter.

· Check Your Understanding–Evaluate your readiness with the end-of-chapter questions that match the style of questions you see in the online course quizzes. The answer key explains each answer.

How To–Look for this icon to study the steps you need to learn to perform certain tasks.

Interactive Activities–Reinforce your understanding of topics with dozens of exercises from the online course identified throughout the book with this icon.

Videos–Watch the videos embedded within the online course.

Packet Tracer Activities–Explore and visualize networking concepts using Packet Tracer exercises interspersed throughout the chapters and provided in the accompanying Labs & Study Guide book.

Hands-on Labs–Work through all the course labs and additional Class Activities that are included in the course and published in the separate Labs & Study Guide.

Sample Content

Sample Pages

Download the sample pages (includes Chapter 1 thru 3 and Index)

Table of Contents

Introduction xx

Chapter 1 LAN Design 1

Objectives 1

Key Terms 1

Introduction (1.0.1.1) 3

Campus Wired LAN Designs (1.1) 4

Cisco Validated Designs (1.1.1) 4

The Need to Scale the Network (1.1.1.1) 4

Hierarchical Design Model (1.1.1.2) 6

Expanding the Network (1.1.2) 8

Design for Scalability (1.1.2.1) 8

Planning for Redundancy (1.1.2.2) 10

Failure Domains (1.1.2.3) 11

Increasing Bandwidth (1.1.2.4) 13

Expanding the Access Layer (1.1.2.5) 14

Fine-tuning Routing Protocols (1.1.2.6) 15

Selecting Network Devices (1.2) 17

Switch Hardware (1.2.1) 17

Switch Platforms (1.2.1.1) 17

Port Density (1.2.1.2) 21

Forwarding Rates (1.2.1.3) 22

Power over Ethernet (1.2.1.4) 23

Multilayer Switching (1.2.1.5) 24

Router Hardware (1.2.2) 26

Router Requirements (1.2.2.1) 26

Cisco Routers (1.2.2.2) 27

Router Hardware (1.2.2.3) 28

Managing Devices (1.2.3) 29

Managing IOS Files and Licensing (1.2.3.1) 30

In-Band versus Out-of-Band Management (1.2.3.2) 30

Basic Router CLI Commands (1.2.3.3) 31

Basic Router Show Commands (1.2.3.4) 34

Basic Switch CLI Commands (1.2.3.5) 38

Basic Switch Show Commands (1.2.3.6) 40

Summary (1.3) 43

Practice 44

Check Your Understanding Questions 45

Chapter 2 Scaling VLANs 47

Objectives 47

Key Terms 47

Introduction (2.0.1.1) 48

VTP, Extended VLANs, and DTP (2.1) 48

VTP Concepts and Operation (2.1.1) 49

VTP Overview (2.1.1.1) 49

VTP Modes (2.1.1.2) 50

VTP Advertisements (2.1.1.3) 52

VTP Versions (2.1.1.4) 53

Default VTP Configuration (2.1.1.5) 53

VTP Caveats (2.1.1.6) 55

VTP Configuration (2.1.2) 57

VTP Configuration Overview (2.1.2.1) 57

Step 1Configure the VTP Server (2.1.2.2) 58

Step 2Configure the VTP Domain Name and Password (2.1.2.3) 59

Step 3Configure the VTP Clients (2.1.2.4) 60

Step 4Configure VLANs on the VTP Server (2.1.2.5) 60

Step 5Verify That the VTP Clients Have Received the New VLAN Information (2.1.2.6) 62

Extended VLANs (2.1.3) 63

VLAN Ranges on Catalyst Switches (2.1.3.1) 63

Creating a VLAN (2.1.3.2) 65

Assigning Ports to VLANs (2.1.3.3) 66

Verifying VLAN Information (2.1.3.4) 67

Configuring Extended VLANs (2.1.3.5) 69

Dynamic Trunking Protocol (2.1.4) 71

Introduction to DTP (2.1.4.1) 71

Negotiated Interface Modes (2.1.4.2) 72

Troubleshoot Multi-VLAN Issues (2.2) 75

Inter-VLAN Configuration Issues (2.2.1) 75

Deleting VLANs (2.2.1.1) 75

Switch Port Issues (2.2.1.2) 77

Verify Switch Configuration (2.2.1.3) 79

Interface Issues (2.2.1.4) 81

Verify Routing Configuration (2.2.1.5) 82

IP Addressing Issues (2.2.2) 83

Errors with IP Addresses and Subnet Masks (2.2.2.1) 83

Verifying IP Address and Subnet Mask Configuration Issues (2.2.2.2) 85

VTP and DTP Issues (2.2.3) 88

Troubleshoot VTP Issues (2.2.3.1) 88

Troubleshoot DTP Issues (2.2.3.2) 89

Layer 3 Switching (2.3) 89

Layer 3 Switching Operation and Configuration (2.3.1) 90

Introduction to Layer 3 Switching (2.3.1.1) 90

Inter-VLAN Routing with Switch Virtual Interfaces (2.3.1.2) 91

Inter-VLAN Routing with Switch Virtual Interfaces (Con't.) (2.3.1.3) 92

Inter-VLAN Routing with Routed Ports (2.3.1.4) 94

Troubleshoot Layer 3 Switching (2.3.2) 95

Layer 3 Switch Configuration Issues (2.3.2.1) 95

Example: Troubleshooting Layer 3 Switching (2.3.2.2) 96

Summary (2.4) 99

Practice 99

Check Your Understanding Questions 100

Chapter 3 STP 105

Objectives 105

Key Terms 105

Introduction (3.0.1.1) 107

Spanning Tree Concepts (3.1) 108

Purpose of Spanning Tree (3.1.1) 108

Redundancy at OSI Layers 1 and 2 (3.1.1.1) 108

Issues with Layer 1 Redundancy: MAC Database Instability (3.1.1.2) 109

Issues with Layer 1 Redundancy: Broadcast Storms (3.1.1.3) 111

Issues with Layer 1 Redundancy: Duplicate Unicast Frames (3.1.1.4) 113

STP Operation (3.1.2) 114

Spanning Tree Algorithm: Introduction (3.1.2.1) 114

Spanning Tree Algorithm: Port Roles (3.1.2.2) 117

Spanning Tree Algorithm: Root Bridge (3.1.2.3) 119

Spanning Tree Algorithm: Root Path Cost (3.1.2.4) 121

Port Role Decisions for RSTP (3.1.2.5) 124

Designated and Alternate Ports (3.1.2.6) 127

802.1D BPDU Frame Format (3.1.2.7) 128

802.1D BPDU Propagation and Process (3.1.2.8) 131

Extended System ID (3.1.2.9) 136

Varieties of Spanning Tree Protocols (3.2) 140

Overview (3.2.1) 140

Types of Spanning Tree Protocols (3.2.1.1) 140

Characteristics of the Spanning Tree Protocols (3.2.1.2) 141

PVST+ (3.2.2) 143

Overview of PVST+ (3.2.2.1) 143

Port States and PVST+ Operation (3.2.2.2) 144

Extended System ID and PVST+ Operation (3.2.2.3) 146

Rapid PVST+ (3.2.3) 148

Overview of Rapid PVST+ (3.2.3.1) 148

RSTP BPDUs (3.2.3.2) 149

Edge Ports (3.2.3.3) 150

Link Types (3.2.3.4) 152

Spanning Tree Configuration (3.3) 153

PVST+ Configuration (3.3.1) 153

Catalyst 2960 Default Configuration (3.3.1.1) 153

Configuring and Verifying the Bridge ID (3.3.1.2) 154

PortFast and BPDU Guard (3.3.1.3) 156

PVST+ Load Balancing (3.3.1.4) 158

Rapid PVST+ Configuration (3.3.2) 160

Spanning Tree Mode (3.3.2.1) 161

STP Configuration Issues (3.3.3) 163

Analyzing the STP Topology (3.3.3.1) 164

Expected Topology versus Actual Topology (3.3.3.2) 164

Overview of Spanning Tree Status (3.3.3.3) 165

Spanning Tree Failure Consequences (3.3.3.4) 166

Repairing a Spanning Tree Problem (3.3.3.5) 169

Switch Stacking and Chassis Aggregation (3.3.4) 169

Switch Stacking Concepts (3.3.4.1) 169

Spanning Tree and Switch Stacks (3.3.4.2) 170

Summary (3.4) 173

Practice 174

Check Your Understanding Questions 174

Chapter 4 EtherChannel and HSRP 179

Objectives 179

Key Terms 179

Introduction (4.0.1.1) 180

Link Aggregation Concepts (4.1) 181

Link Aggregation (4.1.1) 181

Introduction to Link Aggregation (4.1.1.1) 181

Advantages of EtherChannel (4.1.1.2) 182

EtherChannel Operation (4.1.2) 183

Implementation Restrictions (4.1.2.1) 183

Port Aggregation Protocol (4.1.2.2) 185

Link Aggregation Control Protocol (4.1.2.3) 186

Link Aggregation Configuration (4.2) 188

Configuring EtherChannel (4.2.1) 188

Configuration Guidelines (4.2.1.1) 188

Configuring Interfaces (4.2.1.2) 189

Verifying and Troubleshooting EtherChannel (4.2.2) 191

Verifying EtherChannel (4.2.2.1) 191

Troubleshooting EtherChannel (4.2.2.2) 194

First Hop Redundancy Protocols (4.3) 198

Concept of First Hop Redundancy Protocols (4.3.1) 198

Default Gateway Limitations (4.3.1.1) 198

Router Redundancy (4.3.1.2) 199

Steps for Router Failover (4.3.1.3) 200

First Hop Redundancy Protocols (4.3.1.5) 201

HSRP Operations (4.3.2) 202

HSRP Overview (4.3.2.1) 203

HSRP Versions (4.3.2.2) 204

HSRP Priority and Preemption (4.3.2.3) 204

HSRP States and Timers (4.3.2.4) 205

HSRP Configuration (4.3.3) 206

HSRP Configuration Commands (4.3.3.1) 206

HSRP Sample Configuration (4.3.3.2) 207

HSRP Verification (4.3.3.3) 208

HSRP Troubleshooting (4.3.4) 209

HSRP Failure (4.3.4.1) 209

HSRP Debug Commands (4.3.4.2) 210

Common HSRP Configuration Issues (4.3.4.3) 213

Summary (4.4) 214

Practice 215

Check Your Understanding Questions 216

Chapter 5 Dynamic Routing 219

Objectives 219

Key Terms 219

Introduction (5.0.1.1) 221

Dynamic Routing Protocols (5.1) 222

Types of Routing Protocols (5.1.1) 222

Classifying Routing Protocols (5.1.1.1) 222

IGP and EGP Routing Protocols (5.1.1.2) 224

Distance Vector Routing Protocols (5.1.1.3) 226

Link-State Routing Protocols (5.1.1.4) 226

Classful Routing Protocols (5.1.1.5) 228

Classless Routing Protocols (5.1.1.6) 231

Routing Protocol Characteristics (5.1.1.7) 233

Routing Protocol Metrics (5.1.1.8) 234

Distance Vector Dynamic Routing (5.2) 236

Distance Vector Fundamentals (5.2.1) 236

Dynamic Routing Protocol Operation (5.2.1.1) 236

Cold Start (5.2.1.2) 237

Network Discovery (5.2.1.3) 238

Exchanging the Routing Information (5.2.1.4) 239

Achieving Convergence (5.2.1.5) 241

Distance Vector Routing Protocol Operation (5.2.2) 242

Distance Vector Technologies (5.2.2.1) 242

Distance Vector Algorithm (5.2.2.2) 242

Types of Distance Vector Routing Protocols (5.2.3) 245

Routing Information Protocol (5.2.3.1) 245

Enhanced Interior-Gateway Routing Protocol (5.2.3.2) 246

Link-State Dynamic Routing (5.3) 248

Link-State Routing Protocol Operation (5.3.1) 248

Shortest Path First Protocols (5.3.1.1) 248

Dijkstra's Algorithm (5.3.1.2) 248

SPF Example (5.3.1.3) 249

Link-State Updates (5.3.2) 251

Link-State Routing Process (5.3.2.1) 251

Link and Link-State (5.3.2.2) 252

Say Hello (5.3.2.3) 256

Building the Link-State Packet (5.3.2.4) 257

Flooding the LSP (5.3.2.5) 258

Building the Link-State Database (5.3.2.6) 259

Building the SPF Tree (5.3.2.7) 260

Adding OSPF Routes to the Routing Table (5.3.2.8) 264

Link-State Routing Protocol Benefits (5.3.3) 264

Why Use Link-State Protocols? (5.3.3.1) 264

Disadvantages of Link-State Protocols (5.3.3.2) 265

Protocols That Use Link-State (5.3.3.3) 267

Summary (5.4) 268

Practice 269

Check Your Understanding Questions 269

Chapter 6 EIGRP 273

Objectives 273

Key Terms 273

Introduction (6.0.1.1) 274

EIGRP Characteristics (6.1) 274

EIGRP Basic Features (6.1.1) 274

Features of EIGRP (6.1.1.1) 274

Protocol Dependent Modules (6.1.1.2) 276

Reliable Transport Protocol (6.1.1.3) 278

Authentication (6.1.1.4) 279

EIGRP Packet Types (6.1.2) 279

EIGRP Packet Types (6.1.2.1) 279

EIGRP Hello Packets (6.1.2.2) 280

EIGRP Update and Acknowledgment Packets (6.1.2.3) 281

EIGRP Query and Reply Packets (6.1.2.4) 283

EIGRP Messages (6.1.3) 284

Encapsulating EIGRP Messages (6.1.3.1) 284

EIGRP Packet Header and TLV (6.1.3.2) 285

Implement EIGRP for IPv4 (6.2) 289

Configure EIGRP with IPv4 (6.2.1) 289

EIGRP Network Topology (6.2.1.1) 289

Autonomous System Numbers (6.2.1.2) 291

The router eigrp Command (6.2.1.3) 292

EIGRP Router ID (6.2.1.4) 293

Configuring the EIGRP Router ID (6.2.1.5) 295

The network Command (6.2.1.6) 296

The network Command and Wildcard Mask (6.2.1.7) 298

Passive Interface (6.2.1.8) 300

Verify EIGRP with IPv4 (6.2.2) 302

Verifying EIGRP: Examining Neighbors (6.2.2.1) 302

Verifying EIGRP: show ip protocols Command (6.2.2.2) 304

Verifying EIGRP: Examine the IPv4 Routing Table (6.2.2.3) 306

EIGRP Operation (6.3) 309

EIGRP Initial Route Discovery (6.3.1) 309

EIGRP Neighbor Adjacency (6.3.1.1) 310

EIGRP Topology Table (6.3.1.2) 311

EIGRP Convergence (6.3.1.3) 312

EIGRP Metrics (6.3.2) 313

EIGRP Composite Metric (6.3.2.1) 313

Examining Interface Metric Values (6.3.2.2) 315

Bandwidth Metric (6.3.2.3) 316

Delay Metric (6.3.2.4) 319

How to Calculate the EIGRP Metric (6.3.2.5) 320

Calculating the EIGRP Metric (6.3.2.6) 321

DUAL and the Topology Table (6.3.3) 323

DUAL Concepts (6.3.3.1) 323

Introduction to DUAL (6.3.3.2) 324

Successor and Feasible Distance (6.3.3.3) 324

Feasible Successors, Feasibility Condition, and

Reported Distance (6.3.3.4) 326

Topology Table: show ip eigrp topology Command (6.3.3.5) 328

Topology Table: show ip eigrp topology Command (Cont.) (6.3.3.6) 329

Topology Table: No Feasible Successor (6.3.3.7) 332

DUAL and Convergence (6.3.4) 334

DUAL Finite State Machine (FSM) (6.3.4.1) 334

DUAL: Feasible Successor (6.3.4.2) 335

DUAL: No Feasible Successor (6.3.4.3) 338

Implement EIGRP for IPv6 (6.4) 341

EIGRP for IPv6 (6.4.1) 341

EIGRP for IPv6 (6.4.1.1) 341

Compare EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6 (6.4.1.2) 342

IPv6 Link-local Addresses (6.4.1.3) 344

Configure EIGRP for IPv6 (6.4.2) 345

EIGRP for IPv6 Network Topology (6.4.2.1) 345

Configuring IPv6 Link-local Addresses (6.4.2.2) 347

Configuring the EIGRP for IPv6 Routing Process (6.4.2.3) 349

The ipv6 eigrp Interface Command (6.4.2.4) 350

Verifying EIGRP for IPv6 (6.4.3) 352

IPv6 Neighbor Table (6.4.3.1) 352

The show ip protocols Command (6.4.3.2) 354

The EIGRP for IPv6 Routing Table (6.4.3.3) 355

Summary (6.5) 358

Practice 359

Check Your Understanding Questions 360

Chapter 7 EIGRP Tuning and Troubleshooting 365

Objectives 365

Key Terms 365

Introduction (7.0.1.1) 366

Tune EIGRP (7.1) 366

Automatic Summarization (7.1.1) 366

Network Topology (7.1.1.1) 367

EIGRP Automatic Summarization (7.1.1.2) 369

Configuring EIGRP Automatic Summarization (7.1.1.3) 371

Verifying Auto-Summary: show ip protocols (7.1.1.4) 372

Verifying Auto-Summary: Topology Table (7.1.1.5) 375

Verifying Auto-Summary: Routing Table (7.1.1.6) 376

Summary Route (7.1.1.7) 378

Summary Route (Cont.) (7.1.1.8) 379

Default Route Propagation (7.1.2) 380

Propagating a Default Static Route (7.1.2.1) 380

Verifying the Propagated Default Route (7.1.2.2) 382

EIGRP for IPv6: Default Route (7.1.2.3) 383

Fine-tuning EIGRP Interfaces (7.1.3) 384

EIGRP Bandwidth Utilization (7.1.3.1) 385

Hello and Hold Timers (7.1.3.2) 386

Load Balancing IPv4 (7.1.3.3) 388

Load Balancing IPv6 (7.1.3.4) 390

Troubleshoot EIGRP (7.2) 392

Components of Troubleshooting EIGRP (7.2.1) 392

Basic EIGRP Troubleshooting Commands (7.2.1.1) 392

Components (7.2.1.2) 394

Troubleshoot EIGRP Neighbor Issues (7.2.2) 397

Layer 3 Connectivity (7.2.2.1) 397

EIGRP Parameters (7.2.2.2) 398

EIGRP Interfaces (7.2.2.3) 399

Troubleshoot EIGRP Routing Table Issues (7.2.3) 401

Passive Interface (7.2.3.1) 401

Missing Network Statement (7.2.3.2) 403

Autosummarization (7.2.3.3) 405

Summary (7.3) 410

Practice 411

Check Your Understanding

Updates

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