Scaling Networks Companion Guide

Description

• Copyright 2014
• Dimensions: 8" x 9-1/8"
• Pages: 640
• Edition: 1st

• eBook
• ISBN-10: 0-13-347640-5
• ISBN-13: 978-0-13-347640-8

Scaling Networks Companion Guide is the official supplemental textbook for the Scaling Networks course in the Cisco®  CCNA® Academy®

This course describes the architecture, components, and operations of routers and switches in a large and complex network. You will learn how to configure routers and switches for advanced functionality. By the end of this course, you will be able to configure and troubleshoot routers and switches and resolve common issues with OSPF, EIGRP, STP, and VTP in both IPv4 and IPv6 networks. You will also develop the knowledge and skills needed to implement DHCP and DNS operations in a network.

The Companion Guide is designed as a portable desk reference to use anytime, anywhere to reinforce the material from the course and organize your time.

The book’s features help you focus on important concepts to succeed in this course:

• Chapter objectives—Review core concepts by answering the focus questions listed at the beginning of each chapter.
• Key terms—Refer to the lists of networking vocabulary introduced and highlighted in context in each chapter.
• Glossary—Consult the comprehensive Glossary with over 180 terms.
• Summary of Activities and Labs—Maximize your study time with this complete list of all associated practice exercises at the end of each chapter.
• Check Your Understanding—Evaluate your readiness with the end-of-chapter questions that match the style of questions you see in the online course quizzes. The answer key explains each answer.

Related Title: Scaling Networks Lab Manual

ISBN-13: 978-1-58713-325-1

ISBN-10: 1-58713-325-3

• Interactive Activities—Reinforce your understanding of topics with all the different exercises from the online course identified throughout the book with this icon.
• Videos—Watch the videos embedded within the online course.
• Packet Tracer Activities—Explore and visualize networking concepts using Packet Tracer exercises interspersed throughout the chapters.
• Hands-on Labs—Work through allthe course labs and Class Activities that are included in the course and published in the separate Lab Manual.

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Sample Content

Table of Contents

    Introduction xx

Chapter 1 Introduction to Scaling Networks 1

Objectives 1

Key Terms 1

Introduction (1.0.1.1) 3

Implementing a Network Design (1.1) 3

    Hierarchical Network Design (1.1.1) 3

        The Need to Scale the Network (1.1.1.1) 3

        Enterprise Business Devices (1.1.1.2) 5

        Hierarchical Network Design (1.1.1.3) 6

        Cisco Enterprise Architecture (1.1.1.4) 7

        Failure Domains (1.1.1.5) 9

    Expanding the Network (1.1.2) 11

        Design for Scalability (1.1.2.1) 11

        Planning for Redundancy (1.1.2.2) 12

        Increasing Bandwidth (1.1.2.3) 13

        Expanding the Access Layer (1.1.2.4) 14

        Fine-tuning Routing Protocols (1.1.2.5) 15

Selecting Network Devices (1.2) 18

    Switch Hardware (1.2.1) 18

        Switch Platforms (1.2.1.1) 18

        Port Density (1.2.1.2) 21

        Forwarding Rates (1.2.1.3) 22

        Power over Ethernet (1.2.1.4) 23

        Multilayer Switching (1.2.1.5) 25

    Router Hardware (1.2.2) 26

        Router Requirements (1.2.2.1) 26

        Cisco Routers (1.2.2.2) 28

        Router Hardware (1.2.2.3) 29

    Managing Devices (1.2.3) 30

        Managing IOS Files and Licensing (1.2.3.1) 30

        In-Band Versus Out-of-Band Management (1.2.3.2) 30

        Basic Router CLI Commands (1.2.3.3) 31

        Basic Router show Commands (1.2.3.4) 34

        Basic Switch CLI Commands (1.2.3.5) 39

        Basic Switch show Commands (1.2.3.6) 40

Summary (1.3) 44

Practice 45

    Class Activities 45

    Labs 45

    Packet Tracer Activities 45

Check Your Understanding Questions 46

Chapter 2 LAN Redundancy 49

Objectives 49

Key Terms 49

Introduction (2.0.1.1) 51

Spanning Tree Concepts (2.1) 52

Purpose of Spanning Tree (2.1.1) 52

        Redundancy at OSI Layers 1 and 2 (2.1.1.1) 52

        Issues with Layer 1 Redundancy: MAC Database Instability (2.1.1.2) 54

        Issues with Layer 1 Redundancy: Broadcast Storms (2.1.1.3) 56

        Issues with Layer 1 Redundancy: Duplicate Unicast Frames (2.1.1.4) 57

    STP Operation (2.1.2) 59

        Spanning Tree Algorithm: Introduction (2.1.2.1) 59

        Spanning Tree Algorithm: Port Roles (2.1.2.2) 61

        Spanning Tree Algorithm: Root Bridge (2.1.2.3) 63

        Spanning Tree Algorithm: Path Cost (2.1.2.4) 64

        802.1D BPDU Frame Format (2.1.2.5) 67

        BPDU Propagation and Process (2.1.2.6) 68

        Extended System ID (2.1.2.7) 74

Varieties of Spanning Tree Protocols (2.2) 77

    Overview (2.2.1) 77

        List of Spanning Tree Protocols (2.2.1.1) 78

        Characteristics of the Spanning Tree Protocols (2.2.1.2) 79

    PVST+ (2.2.2) 80

        Overview of PVST+ (2.2.2.1) 80

        Port States and PVST+ Operation (2.2.2.2) 82

        Extended System ID and PVST+ Operation (2.2.2.3) 83

    Rapid PVST+ (2.2.3) 84

        Overview of Rapid PVST+ (2.2.3.1) 84

        RSTP BPDU (2.2.3.2) 86

        Edge Ports (2.2.3.3) 87

        Link Types (2.2.3.4) 88

Spanning Tree Configuration (2.3) 90

    PVST+ Configuration (2.3.1) 90

        Catalyst 2960 Default Configuration (2.3.1.1) 90

        Configuring and Verifying the Bridge ID (2.3.1.2) 91

        PortFast and BPDU Guard (2.3.1.3) 93

        PVST+ Load Balancing (2.3.1.4) 95

    Rapid PVST+ Configuration (2.3.2) 98

        Spanning Tree Mode (2.3.2.1) 98

    STP Configuration Issues (2.3.3) 101

        Analyzing the STP Topology (2.3.3.1) 101

        Expected Topology Versus Actual Topology (2.3.3.2) 102

        Overview of Spanning Tree Status (2.3.3.3) 102

        Spanning Tree Failure Consequences (2.3.3.4) 103

        Repairing a Spanning Tree Problem (2.3.3.5) 105

First Hop Redundancy Protocols (2.4) 105

    Concept of First Hop Redundancy Protocols (2.4.1) 106

        Default Gateway Limitations (2.4.1.1) 106

        Router Redundancy (2.4.1.2) 107

        Steps for Router Failover (2.4.1.3) 108

    Varieties of First Hop Redundancy Protocols (2.4.2) 109

        First Hop Redundancy Protocols (2.4.2.1) 109

    FHRP Verification (2.4.3) 110

        HSRP Verification (2.4.3.1) 110

        GLBP Verification (2.4.3.2) 112

        Syntax Checker – HSRP and GLBP (2.4.3.3) 114

Summary (2.5) 115

Practice 116

    Class Activities 116

    Labs 116

    Packet Tracer Activities 116

Check Your Understanding Questions 117

Chapter 3 LAN Aggregation 121

Objectives 121

Key Terms 121

Introduction (3.0.1.1) 122

Link Aggregation Concepts (3.1) 122

    Link Aggregation (3.1.1) 123

        Introduction to Link Aggregation (3.1.1.1) 123

        Advantages of EtherChannel (3.1.1.2) 124

    EtherChannel Operation (3.1.2) 125

        Implementation Restrictions (3.1.2.1) 125

        Port Aggregation Protocol (3.1.2.2) 126

        Link Aggregation Control Protocol (3.1.2.3) 128

Link Aggregation Configuration (3.2) 130

    Configuring EtherChannel (3.2.1) 130

        Configuration Guidelines (3.2.1.1) 130

        Configuring Interfaces (3.2.1.2) 131

    Verifying and Troubleshooting EtherChannel (3.2.2) 133

        Verifying EtherChannel (3.2.2.1) 133

        Troubleshooting EtherChannel (3.2.2.2) 135

Summary (3.3) 139

Practice 140

    Class Activities 140

    Labs 140

    Packet Tracer Activities 140

Check Your Understanding Questions 141

Chapter 4 Wireless LANs 145

Objectives 145

Key Terms 145

Introduction (4.0.1.1) 147

Wireless Concepts (4.1) 147

    Introduction to Wireless (4.1.1) 147

        Supporting Mobility (4.1.1.1) 148

        Benefits of Wireless (4.1.1.2) 148

        Wireless Technologies (4.1.1.3) 149

        Radio Frequencies (4.1.1.4) 150

        802.11 Standards (4.1.1.5) 151

        Wi-Fi Certification (4.1.1.6) 153

        Comparing WLANs to a LAN (4.1.1.7) 154

    Components of WLANs (4.1.2) 156

        Wireless NICs (4.1.2.1) 156

        Wireless Home Router (4.1.2.2) 157

        Business Wireless Solutions (4.1.2.3) 159

        Wireless Access Points (4.1.2.4) 160

        Small Wireless Deployment Solutions (4.1.2.5) 162

        Large Wireless Deployment Solutions (4.1.2.6, 4.1.2.7) 165

        Wireless Antennas (4.1.2.8) 168

    802.11 WLAN Topologies (4.1.3) 170

    802.11 Wireless Topology Modes (4.1.3.1) 170

        Ad Hoc Mode (4.1.3.2) 170

        Infrastructure Mode (4.1.3.3) 171

Wireless LAN Operations (4.2) 173

    802.11 Frame Structure (4.2.1) 173

        Wireless 802.11 Frame (4.2.1.1) 173

        Frame Control Field (4.2.1.2) 175

        Wireless Frame Type (4.2.1.3) 177

        Management Frames (4.2.1.4) 177

        Control Frames (4.2.1.5) 180

    Wireless Operation (4.2.2) 181

        Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (4.2.2.1) 181

        Wireless Clients and Access Point Association (4.2.2.2) 183

        Association Parameters (4.2.2.3) 183

        Discovering APs (4.2.2.4) 187

        Authentication (4.2.2.5) 189

    Channel Management (4.2.3) 191

        Frequency Channel Saturation (4.2.3.1) 191

        Selecting Channels (4.2.3.2) 193

        Planning a WLAN Deployment (4.2.3.3) 196

Wireless LAN Security (4.3) 198

    WLAN Threats (4.3.1) 198

        Securing Wireless (4.3.1.1) 198

        DoS Attack (4.3.1.2) 199

        Management Frame DoS Attacks (4.3.1.3) 200

        Rogue Access Points (4.3.1.4) 202

        Man-in-the-Middle Attack (4.3.1.5) 203

    Securing WLANs (4.3.2) 205

        Wireless Security Overview (4.3.2.1) 205

        Shared Key Authentication Methods (4.3.2.2) 206

        Encryption Methods (4.3.2.3) 208

        Authenticating a Home User (4.3.2.4) 208

        Authentication in the Enterprise (4.3.2.5) 210

Wireless LAN Configuration (4.4) 211

    Configure a Wireless Router (4.4.1) 211

        Configuring a Wireless Router (4.4.1.1) 211

        Setting Up and Installing Initial Linksys EA6500 (4.4.1.2) 213

        Configuring the Linksys Smart Wi-Fi Home Page (4.4.1.3) 217

        Smart Wi-Fi Settings (4.4.1.4) 218

        Smart Wi-Fi Tools (4.4.1.5) 220

        Backing Up a Configuration (4.4.1.6) 224

    Configuring Wireless Clients (4.4.2) 225

        Connecting Wireless Clients (4.4.2.1) 225

    Troubleshoot WLAN Issues (4.4.3) 226

        Troubleshooting Approaches (4.4.3.1) 226

        Wireless Client Not Connecting (4.4.3.2) 227

        Troubleshooting When the Network Is Slow (4.4.3.3) 229

        Updating Firmware (4.4.3.4) 230

Summary (4.5) 232

Practice 233

    Class Activities 233

    Labs 233

    Packet Tracer Activities 234

Check Your Understanding Questions 234

Chapter 5 Adjust and Troubleshoot Single-Area OSPF 237

Objectives 237

Key Terms 237

Introduction (5.0.1.1) 238

Advanced Single-Area OSPF Configurations (5.1) 238

    Routing in the Distribution and Core Layers (5.1.1) 238

        Routing Versus Switching (5.1.1.1) 238

        Static Routing (5.1.1.2) 239

        Dynamic Routing Protocols (5.1.1.3) 240

        Open Shortest Path First (5.1.1.4) 241

        Configuring Single-Area OSPF (5.1.1.5) 242

        Verifying Single-Area OSPF (5.1.1.6) 244

        Configuring Single-Area OSPFv3 (5.1.1.7) 247

        Verifying Single-Area OSPFv3 (5.1.1.8) 249

    OSPF in Multiaccess Networks (5.1.2) 251

        OSPF Network Types (5.1.2.1) 251

        Challenges in Multiaccess Networks (5.1.2.2) 253

        OSPF Designated Router (5.1.2.3) 255

        Verifying DR/BDR Roles (5.1.2.4) 256

        Verifying DR/BDR Adjacencies (5.1.2.5) 259

        Default DR/BDR Election Process (5.1.2.6) 261

        DR/BDR Election Process (5.1.2.7) 262

        The OSPF Priority (5.1.2.8) 265

        Changing the OSPF Priority (5.1.2.9) 265

    Default Route Propagation (5.1.3) 268

        Propagating a Default Static Route in OSPFv2 (5.1.3.1) 268

        Verifying the Propagated Default Route (5.1.3.2) 269

        Propagating a Default Static Route in OSPFv3 (5.1.3.3) 271

        Verifying the Propagated IPv6 Default Route (5.1.3.4) 272

    Fine-Tuning OSPF Interfaces (5.1.4) 273

        OSPF Hello and Dead Intervals (5.1.4.1) 273

        Modifying OSPFv2 Intervals (5.1.4.2) 275

        Modifying OSPFv3 Intervals (5.1.4.3) 277

    Secure OSPF (5.1.5) 279

        Routers Are Targets (5.1.5.1) 279

        Secure Routing Updates (5.1.5.2) 280

        MD5 Authentication (5.1.5.3) 281

        Configuring OSPF MD5 Authentication (5.1.5.4) 282

        OSPF MD5 Authentication Example (5.1.5.5) 283

        Verifying OSPF MD5 Authentication (5.1.5.6) 284

Troubleshooting Single-Area OSPF Implementations (5.2) 286

    Components of Troubleshooting Single-Area OSPF (5.2.1) 286

        Overview (5.2.1.1) 286

        OSPF States (5.2.1.2) 287

        OSPF Troubleshooting Commands (5.2.1.3) 288

        Components of Troubleshooting OSPF (5.2.1.4) 292

    Troubleshoot Single-Area OSPFv2 Routing Issues (5.2.2) 293

        Troubleshooting Neighbor Issues (5.2.2.1) 293

        Troubleshooting OSPF Routing Table Issues (5.2.2.2) 297

        Troubleshoot Single-Area OSPFv3 Routing Issues (5.2.3) 299

        OSPFv3 Troubleshooting Commands (5.2.3.1) 299

        Troubleshooting OSPFv3 (5.2.3.2) 302

Summary (5.3) 306

Practice 308

    Class Activities 308

    Labs 308

    Packet Tracer Activities 308

Check Your Understanding Questions 309

Chapter 6 Multiarea OSPF 315

Objectives 315

Key Terms 315

Introduction (6.0.1.1) 316

Multiarea OSPF Operation (6.1) 316

    Why Multiarea OSPF? (6.1.1) 316

        Single-Area OSPF (6.1.1.1) 316

        Multiarea OSPF (6.1.1.2) 317

        OSPF Two-Layer Area Hierarchy (6.1.1.3) 319

        Types of OSPF Routers (6.1.1.4) 320

    Multiarea OSPF LSA Operation (6.1.2) 321

        OSPF LSA Types (6.1.2.1) 321

        OSPF LSA Type 1 (6.1.2.2) 322

        OSPF LSA Type 2 (6.1.2.3) 323

        OSPF LSA Type 3 (6.1.2.4) 324

        OSPF LSA Type 4 (6.1.2.5) 325

        OSPF LSA Type 5 (6.1.2.6) 326

        OSPF Routing Table and Types of Routes (6.1.3) 326

        OSPF Routing Table Entries (6.1.3.1) 327

        OSPF Route Calculation (6.1.3.2) 328

Configuring Multiarea OSPF (6.2) 329

    Configuring Multiarea OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 (6.2.1) 329

        Implementing Multiarea OSPF (6.2.1.1) 329

        Configuring Multiarea OSPF (6.2.1.2) 330

        Configuring Multiarea OSPFv3 (6.2.1.3) 332

    OSPF Route Summarization (6.2.2) 334

        OSPF Route Summarization (6.2.2.1) 334

        Interarea and External Route Summarization (6.2.2.2) 336

        Interarea Route Summarization (6.2.2.3) 338

        Calculating the Summary Route (6.2.2.4) 339

        Configuring Interarea Route Summarization (6.2.2.5) 340

    Verifying Multiarea OSPF (6.2.3) 342

        Verifying Multiarea OSPF (6.2.3.1) 342

        Verify General Multiarea OSPF Settings (6.2.3.2) 343

        Verify the OSPF Routes (6.2.3.3) 345

        Verify the Multiarea OSPF LSDB (6.2.3.4) 346

        Verify Multiarea OSPFv3 (6.2.3.5) 349

Summary (6.3) 354

Practice 356

    Class Activities 356

    Labs 356

    Packet Tracer Activities 356

Check Your Understanding Questions 356

Chapter 7 EIGRP 361

Objectives 361

Key Terms 361

Introduction (7.0.1.1) 363

Characteristics of EIGRP (7.1) 363

    Basic Features of EIGRP (7.1.1) 363

        Features of EIGRP (7.1.1.1) 364

        Protocol-Dependent Modules (7.1.1.2) 365

        Reliable Transport Protocol (7.1.1.3) 367

        Authentication (7.1.1.4) 368

    Types of EIGRP Packets (7.1.2) 368

        EIGRP Packet Types (7.1.2.1) 368

        EIGRP Hello Packets (7.1.2.2) 370

        EIGRP Update and Acknowledgment Packets (7.1.2.3) 370

        EIGRP Query and Reply Packets (7.1.2.4) 372

    EIGRP Messages (7.1.3) 373

        Encapsulating EIGRP Messages (7.1.3.1) 373

        EIGRP Packet Header and TLV (7.1.3.2) 374

Configuring EIGRP for IPv4 (7.2) 377

    Configuring EIGRP with IPv4 (7.2.1) 377

        EIGRP Network Topology (7.2.1.1) 377

        Autonomous System Numbers (7.2.1.2) 379

        The Router EIGRP Command (7.2.1.3) 381

        EIGRP Router ID (7.2.1.4) 382

        Configuring the EIGRP Router ID (7.2.1.5) 384

        The network Command (7.2.1.6) 385

        The network Command and Wildcard Mask (7.2.1.7) 387

        Passive Interface (7.2.1.8) 389

    Verifying EIGRP with IPv4 (7.2.2) 392

        Verifying EIGRP: Examining Neighbors (7.2.2.1) 392

        Verifying EIGRP: show ip protocols Command (7.2.2.2) 393

        Verifying EIGRP: Examine the IPv4 Routing Table (7.2.2.3) 396

Operation of EIGRP (7.3) 399

    EIGRP Initial Route Discovery (7.3.1) 399

        EIGRP Neighbor Adjacency (7.3.1.1) 399

        EIGRP Topology Table (7.3.1.2) 400

        EIGRP Convergence (7.3.1.3) 401

    Metrics (7.3.2) 402

        EIGRP Composite Metric (7.3.2.1) 402

        Examining Interface Values (7.3.2.2) 405

        Bandwidth Metric (7.3.2.3) 406

        Delay Metric (7.3.2.4) 408

        How to Calculate the EIGRP Metric (7.3.2.5) 409

        Calculating the EIGRP Metric (7.3.2.6) 410

    DUAL and the Topology Table (7.3.3) 413

        DUAL Concepts (7.3.3.1) 413

        Introduction to DUAL (7.3.3.2) 413

        Successor and Feasible Distance (7.3.3.3) 414

        Feasible Successors, Feasibility Condition, and Reported

        Distance (7.3.3.4) 415

        Topology Table: show ip eigrp topology Command (7.3.3.5) 417

        Topology Table: show ip eigrp topology Command (Cont.) (7.3.3.6) 418

        Topology Table: No Feasible Successor (7.3.3.7) 420

    DUAL and Convergence (7.3.4) 422

        DUAL Finite State Machine (FSM) (7.3.4.1) 423

        DUAL: Feasible Successor (7.3.4.2) 424

        DUAL: No Feasible Successor (7.3.4.3) 426

Configuring EIGRP for IPv6 (7.4) 429

    EIGRP for IPv4 Versus IPv6 (7.4.1) 429

        EIGRP for IPv6 (7.4.1.1) 429

        Comparing EIGRP for IPv4 and IPv6 (7.4.1.2) 430

        IPv6 Link-Local Addresses (7.4.1.3) 432

        Configuring EIGRP for IPv6 (7.4.2) 432

        EIGRP for IPv6 Network Topology (7.4.2.1) 432

        Configuring IPv6 Link-Local Addresses (7.4.2.2) 434

        Configuring the EIGRP for IPv6 Routing Process (7.4.2.3) 436

The ipv6 eigrp Interface Command (7.4.2.4) 437

    Verifying EIGRP for IPv6 (7.4.3) 440

        Verifying EIGRP for IPv6: Examining Neighbors (7.4.3.1) 440

        Verifying EIGRP for IPv6: show ipv6 protocols Command (7.4.3.2) 441

        Verifying EIGRP for IPv6: Examine the IPv6 Routing Table (7.4.3.3) 442

Summary (7.5) 445

Practice 446

    Class Activities 446

    Labs 447

    Packet Tracer Activities 447

Check Your Understanding Questions 447

Chapter 8 EIGRP Advanced Configurations and Troubleshooting 453

Objectives 453

Key Terms 453

Introduction (8.0.1.1) 454

Advanced EIGRP Configurations (8.1) 454

    Automatic Summarization (8.1.1) 455

        Network Topology (8.1.1.1) 455

        EIGRP Automatic Summarization (8.1.1.2) 457

        Configuring EIGRP Automatic Summarization (8.1.1.3) 459

        Verifying Auto-Summary: show ip protocols (8.1.1.4) 460

        Verifying Auto-Summary: Topology Table (8.1.1.5) 462

        Verifying Auto-Summary: Routing Table (8.1.1.6) 464

        Summary Route (8.1.1.7) 465

        Summary Route (Cont.) (8.1.1.8) 466

    Manual Summarization (8.1.2) 468

        Manual Summary Routes (8.1.2.1) 468

        Configuring EIGRP Manual Summary Routes (8.1.2.2) 470

        Verifying Manual Summary Routes (8.1.2.3) 471

        EIGRP for IPv6: Manual Summary Routes (8.1.2.4) 472

    Default Route Propagation (8.1.3) 474

        Propagating a Default Static Route (8.1.3.1) 474

        Verifying the Propagated Default Route (8.1.3.2) 476

        EIGRP for IPv6: Default Route (8.1.3.3) 477

    Fine-Tuning EIGRP Interfaces (8.1.4) 478

        EIGRP Bandwidth Utilization (8.1.4.1) 479

        Hello and Hold Timers (8.1.4.2) 480

        Load-Balancing IPv4 (8.1.4.3) 482

        Load-Balancing IPv6 (8.1.4.4) 484

    Secure EIGRP (8.1.5) 486

        Routing Protocol Authentication Overview (8.1.5.1) 486

        Configuring EIGRP with MD5 Authentication (8.1.5.2) 488

        EIGRP Authentication Example (8.1.5.3) 489

        Verify Authentication (8.1.5.4) 491

Troubleshoot EIGRP (8.2) 493

    Components of Troubleshooting EIGRP (8.2.1) 493

        Basic EIGRP Troubleshooting Commands (8.2.1.1) 493

        Components (8.2.1.2) 495

    Troubleshoot EIGRP Neighbor Issues (8.2.2) 496

        Layer 3 Connectivity (8.2.2.1) 496

        EIGRP Parameters (8.2.2.2) 497

        EIGRP Interfaces (8.2.2.3) 498

    Troubleshoot EIGRP Routing Table Issues (8.2.3) 500

        Passive Interface (8.2.3.1) 500

        Missing Network Statement (8.2.3.2) 502

        Automatic Summarization (8.2.3.3) 504

Summary (8.3) 509

Practice 511

    Class Activities 511

    Labs 511

    Packet Tracer Activities 511

Check Your Understanding Questions 512

Chapter 9 IOS Images and Licensing 517

Objectives 517

Key Terms 517

Introduction (9.0.1.1) 518

Managing IOS System Files (9.1) 518

    Naming Conventions (9.1.1) 519

        Cisco IOS Software Release Families and Trains (9.1.1.1) 519

        Cisco IOS Release 12.4 Mainline and T Trains (9.1.1.2) 519

        Cisco IOS Release 12.4 Mainline and T Numbering (9.1.1.3) 521

        Cisco IOS Release 12.4 System Image Packaging (9.1.1.4) 522

        Cisco IOS Release 15.0 M and T Trains (9.1.1.5) 523

        Cisco IOS Release 15 Train Numbering (9.1.1.6) 525

        IOS Release 15 System Image Packaging (9.1.1.7) 526

        IOS Image Filenames (9.1.1.8) 528

    Managing Cisco IOS Images (9.1.2) 531

        TFTP Servers as a Backup Location (9.1.2.1) 531

        Creating a Cisco IOS Image Backup (9.1.2.2) 531

        Copying a Cisco IOS Image (9.1.2.3) 533

        Boot System (9.1.2.4) 534

IOS Licensing (9.2) 536

    Software Licensing (9.2.1) 536

        Licensing Overview (9.2.1.1) 536

        Licensing Process (9.2.1.2) 538

        Step 1. Purchase the Software Package or Feature to Install (9.2.1.3) 539

        Step 2. Obtain a License (9.2.1.4) 539

        Step 3. Install the License (9.2.1.5) 541

    License Verification and Management (9.2.2) 542

        License Verification (9.2.2.1) 542

        Activate an Evaluation Right-To-Use License (9.2.2.2) 544

        Back Up the License (9.2.2.3) 545

        Uninstall the License (9.2.2.4) 546

Summary (9.3) 548

Practice 551

    Class Activities 551

    Packet Tracer Activities 551

    Check Your Understanding Questions 551

Appendix A Answers to the “Check Your Understanding” Questions 555

Glossary 569

TOC, 9781587133282, 2/28/2014

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