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Java? Native Interface: Programmer's Guide and Specification
- By Sheng Liang
- Published Jun 10, 1999 by Addison-Wesley Professional. Part of the Java Series series.
Book
- Sorry, this book is no longer in print.
Description
- Copyright 1999
- Dimensions: 7-1/4" x 9-1/4"
- Pages: 320
- Edition: 1st
- Book
- ISBN-10: 0-201-32577-2
- ISBN-13: 978-0-201-32577-5
The Java Native Interface (JNI) enables the integration of code written in the Java programming language with code written in other languages such as C and C++. It allows programmers to take full advantage of the Java platform without having to abandon their investment in legacy code.
This book is the definitive resource and a comprehensive guide to working with the JNI. Entirely up-to-date, the book offers a tutorial, a detailed description of JNI features and programming techniques, JNI design justifications, and the official specification for all JNI types and functions.
You will find coverage of important topics such as:
- Writing native methods
- Passing data types between the Java language and native programming languages
- Embedding a Java virtual machine implementation in native applications
- Leveraging legacy native libraries
- Improving the efficiency and reliability of your code
An entire chapter is devoted to avoiding common traps and pitfalls. The book uses numerous examples to illustrate programming techniques that have proven to be effective.
0201325772B04062001
Sample Content
Table of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION AND TUTORIAL.
1. Introduction.The Java Platform and Host Environment. Role of the JNI. Implications of Using the JNI. When to Use the JNI. Evolution of the JNI. Example Programs.
2. Getting Started.Overview. Declare the Native Method. Compile the HelloWorld Class. Create the Native Method Header File. Write the Native Method Implementation. Compile the C Source and Create a Native Library. Run the Program.
II. PROGRAMMER'S GUIDE.
3. Basic Types, Strings, and Arrays.A Simple Native Method. Accessing Strings. Accessing Arrays.
4. Fields and Methods.Accessing Fields. Calling Methods. Invoking Constructors. Caching Field and Method Ids. Performance of JNI Field and Method Operations.
5. Local and Global References.Local and Global References. Freeing References. Rules for Managing References.
6. Exceptions.Overview. Proper Exception Handling.
7. The Invocation Interface.Creating the Java Virtual Machine. Linking Native Applications with the Java Virtual Machine. Attaching Native Threads.
8. Additional JNI Features.JNI and Threads. Writing Internationalized Code. Registering Native Methods. Load and Unload Handlers. Reflection Support. JNI Programming in C++.
9. Leveraging Existing Native Libraries.One-to-One Mapping. Shared Stubs. One-to-One Mapping versus Shared Stubs. Implementation of Shared Stubs. Peer Classes.
10. Traps and Pitfalls.Error Checking. Passing Invalid Arguments to JNI Functions. Confusing jclass with jobject. Truncating jboolean Arguments. Boundaries between Java Application and Native Code. Confusing IDs with References. Caching Field and Method Ids. Terminating Unicode Strings. Violating Access Control Rules. Disregarding Internationalization. Retaining Virtual Machine Resources. Excessive Local Reference Creation. Using Invalid Local References. Using the JNIEnv across Threads. Mismatched Thread Models.
III. SPECIFICATION.
11. Overview of the JNI Design.Design Goals. Loading Native Libraries. Linking Native Methods. Calling Conventions. The JNIEnv Interface Pointer. Passing Data. Accessing Objects. Errors and Exceptions.
12. JNI Types.Primitive and Reference Types. Field and Method Ids. String Formats. Constants.
13. JNI Functions.Summary of the JNI Functions. Specification of JNI Functions.
Index. 0201325772T04062001Preface
This book covers the Java(TM) Native Interface (JNI). It will be useful to you if you are interested in any of the following:
- integrating a Java application with legacy code written in languages such as C or C++
- incorporating a Java virtual machine implementation into an existing application written in languages such as C or C++
- implementing a Java virtual machine
- understanding the technical issues in language interoperability, in particular how to handle features such as garbage collection and multithreading
First and foremost, the book is written for developers. You will find easy steps to get started with the JNI, informative discussions on various JNI features, and helpful tips on how to use the JNI effectively. The JNI was initially released in early 1997. The book summarizes two years of collective experience gained by engineers at Sun Microsystems as well as the vast number of developers in the Java technology community.
Second, the book presents the design rationale of various JNI features. Not only is this of interest to the academic community, but a thorough understanding of the design is also a prerequisite to using the JNI effectively.
Third, a part of the book is the definitive JNI specification for the Java 2 platform. JNI programmers may use the specification as a reference manual. Java virtual machine implementors must follow the specification to achieve conformance.
Send comments on this specification or questions about JNI to our electronic mail address: jni@java.sun.com. For the latest on the Java 2 platform, or to get the latest Java 2 SDK release, visit our web site at http://java.sun.com. For updated information about The Java(TM)Series, including errata for this book, and previews of forthcoming books, visit java.sun.com/Series.
The JNI was designed following a series of discussions between Sun Microsystems and Java technology licensees. The JNI partly evolved from Netscape's Java Runtime Interface (JRI), which was designed by Warren Harris. Many people from Java technology licensee companies actively participated in the design discussions. They include Russ Arun (Microsoft), Patrick Beard (Apple), Simon Nash (IBM), Ken Root (Intel), Ian Ellison-Taylor (Microsoft), and Mike Toutonghi (Microsoft).
The JNI design also benefited greatly from Sun internal design reviews conducted by Dave Bowen, James Gosling, Peter Kessler, Tim Lindholm, Mark Reinhold, Derek White, and Frank Yellin. Dave Brown, Dave Connelly, James McIlree, Benjamin Renaud, and Tom Rodriguez made significant contributions to the JNI enhancements in Java 2 SDK 1.2. Carla Schroer's team of compatibility testers in Novosibirsk, Russia, wrote compatibility tests for the JNI. In the process they uncovered places where the original specification was unclear or incomplete.
The JNI technology would not have been developed and deployed without the management support of Dave Bowen, Larry Abrahams, Dick Neiss, Jon Kannegaard, and Alan Baratz. I received full support and encouragement to work on this book from my manager Dave Bowen.
Tim Lindholm, author of The Java(TM) Virtual Machine Specification, led the Java virtual machine development effort at the time when the JNI was being designed. Tim did pioneering work on the virtual machine and native interfaces, advocated the use of the JNI, and added rigor and clarity to this book. He also provided the initial sketch for this book's "kitchen and dining room" cover art design.
This book benefited from the help of many colleagues. Anand Palaniswamy wrote a portion of Chapter 10 on common traps and pitfalls. Janet Koenig carefully reviewed a preliminary draft and contributed many useful ideas. Beth Stearns wrote a draft of Chapter 2 based on the online JNI tutorial.
I received valuable comments on a draft of this book from Craig J. Bordelon, Michael Brundage, Mary Dageforde, Joshua Engel, and Elliott Hughes. Lisa Friendly, editor of The Java(TM) Series, was instrumental in getting this book written and published. Ken Arnold, author of The Java(TM) Programming Language, first suggested that a JNI book be written. I am indebted to Mike Hendrikson and Marina Lang at Addison-Wesley for their help and their patience throughout the process. Diane Freed oversaw the production process from copy editing to final printing.
In the past several years I have had the privilege of working with a group of talented and dedicated people in Java Software at Sun Microsystems, in particular members of the original, HotSpot, and Sun Labs virtual machine teams. This book is dedicated to them.
Sheng Liang
May 1999
0201325772P04062001