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FileMaker 12 Developers Reference: Functions, Scripts, Commands, and Grammars

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FileMaker 12 Developers Reference: Functions, Scripts, Commands, and Grammars

By Bob Bowers, Steve Lane, Scott Love, Dawn Heady
Published Aug 30, 2012 by Que.

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Description

Copyright 2013
Dimensions: 7" x 9-1/8"
Edition: 1st

Book
ISBN-10: 0-7897-4847-9
ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-4847-8

The new FileMaker 12 allows you to build unparalleled databases for a wide variety of devices, from Windows and Mac desktops to iPhones and iPad. With 10 million registered customers, FileMaker's users are "average Joes" who are knowledge workers, subject matter experts, and business users from all walks of life. The community extends well beyond the pool of professional software developers. FileMaker's legendary ease-of-use has led to its wide adoption and has allowed non-programmers an avenue into creating sophisticated software solutions. FileMaker 12 Developer’s Reference will serve to help bridge the gaps in these people's understanding of FileMaker's hundreds of calculation functions, script steps, and operations. They know FileMaker, they've used it for years, but they need a quick reference, immediately accessible while not interrupting their work on screen.

There is no other book like this on the market. All FileMaker books include information on calculation formulas, scripting, etc., but none have expressly focused on giving readers one simple thing: a quick reference to be used in conjunction with their programming efforts. Some books teach, others explain, still others explore specific in-depth topics. This book will appeal to the entire FileMaker Pro community and be a great extension of their library. This edition is updated for the many new features coming with FileMaker 12, including the product's design functionality and the file format, and a new section dedicated to FileMaker Go, which is the iOS client.

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Introduction: Welcome to FileMaker 12 Developer Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

How This Book Is Organized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Part I: FileMaker Specifications . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Part II: Layout Tools & Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Part III: Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Part IV: Script Steps & Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Part V: FileMaker Go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .3

Part VI: FileMaker Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Part VII: Quick Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Part VIII: Other Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Special Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Typographic Conventions Used in This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Key Combinations and Menu Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Typographic Conventions Used for FileMaker Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Who Should Use This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Part I: FileMaker Specifications

1 FileMaker 12 Product Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

FileMaker Pro 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

FileMaker Pro 12 Advanced . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .7

FileMaker Server 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

FileMaker Server 12 Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

FileMaker Go 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

FileMaker Go 12 for iPad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

2 FileMaker 12 New Features . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

New File Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .11

FileMaker Pro/Advanced 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Themes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Enhanced Container Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Enhanced Charting Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Advanced Window Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Plug-in Updating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

ExecuteSQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

And More… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

FileMaker Server/Advanced 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Improved WAN Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

64-bit Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Rewritten Web Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .17

Backup Improvements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Managed Container Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Progressive Media Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Group Start Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

FileMaker Go/Go for iPad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Multitasking Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Improved Media Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Export Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Location Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

3 Specifications and Storage Limits . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Knowing Your Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

External SQL Sources (ESS) Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

4 Field Types and Import/Export Formats . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .27

FileMaker Field Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Number . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .29

Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .30

Timestamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Additional ESS References . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .35

Importing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

File-Based Data Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Importing Multiple Files at Once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Importing from an ODBC Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Importing from an XML-Based Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Creating New Tables on Import . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .39

Exporting Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Exporting to HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Exporting to FileMaker Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Exporting to Excel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Exporting to XML . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Automatically Opening or Emailing Exported Files . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .40

Part II: Layout Tools & Objects

5 Layout Tools . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .41

About Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

The Layout Setup Dialog . . . . . . .. . . . . . .41

Layout Themes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Organizing Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

The Inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Position Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Appearance . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .50

Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Additional Object Formatting . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Button Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Conditional Formatting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Script Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

Accessibility Inspector . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

6 Charting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

Creating Charts . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .59

Quick Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

The Chart Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Specifying a Chart’s Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Current Found Set — Summarized Groups of Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Current Found Set — Individual Record Data . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Current Record (Delimited Data) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Related Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Chart Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Chart Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

Tips for Effective Charting . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .67

7 Other Layout Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

Tab Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Formatting a Tab Control . . . . . .. . . . . . .71

Autosizing of Tab Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Other Tab Control Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Portals . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

Portal Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

Working with Records in a Portal . . . . . . . . . . .75

Autosizing of Portals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

Other Notes About Portals . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

Web Viewer . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .77

Setting a Web Viewer via Script . . . . . . . . .79

Other Web Viewer Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Part III: Functions

8 Calculation Primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

The Calculation Function Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

Calculations: Things to Remember . . . . .. .82

9 Calculation Signatures . . . . . . . . . . .87

Aggregate Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Container Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Date Functions . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .88

Design Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

External Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

Financial Functions . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .89

Get Functions . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .90

Logical Functions . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .92

Mobile Functions . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .93

Number Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

Repeating Functions . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .94

Summary Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Text Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Text Formatting Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

Time Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

Timestamp Function . . . . . . . .. . . . . .97

Trigonometric Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

10 Calculation Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

11 Custom Function Primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273

The Custom Function Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274

Custom Functions: Things to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . .274

Recursive Techniques . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .276

Part IV: Script Step Reference

12 Scripting Primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279

The Manage Scripts Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279

Where Scripts Live . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

Editing or Creating Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281

Organizing Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281

Filtering Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282

Script Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .282

Debugging Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .282

Scripting for the Web . . . .. . . . . . . . . .284

Scripting for FileMaker Go . . . . . . . . . . .285

Server Scheduled Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285

13 Script Triggers . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .287

Setting Script Triggers . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .287

File Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .287

Layout Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288

Object Events . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .289

Activating Script Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290

Timing of Script Triggers . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .291

Scripting for Script Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293

Tab Control Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .294

Instant and Custom Web Publishing . . . . . . . . . . . .294

Script Trigger Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295

14 Script Step Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311

Part V: FileMaker Go

15 FileMaker Go Specifications . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .431

Device Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431

FileMaker Go 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431

FileMaker Go 12 for iPad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431

Differences Between FileMaker Go and Pro . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .432

Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432

Text Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .432

Container Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .433

Interface Feature Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . .433

Export Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436

Saving Records as PDF . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .436

Script Step Differences . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437

Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .438

Plug-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439

16 Designing for FileMaker Go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441

File Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441

Model 1: An Integrated File . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442

Model 2: A Separate Hosted File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .443

Model 3: A Separate Local File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444

Model 4: Hybrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444

Designing Layouts for FileMaker Go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444

Disabling Pinch-to-Zoom . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .446

Object Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .447

Font Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447

Other Layout Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .448

Optimizing Workflows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448

Minimalist Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .449

Server-side Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451

Export Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451

Additional Performance Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452

Deploying Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452

Email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .452

iTunes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .452

Web Download . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Container Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

Sync Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .453

One-way Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454

Two-way Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . .456

Transactional Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457

Portal Transaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457

Text Block Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .458

Security Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .459

Secure Connections to FileMaker Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461

Implications of the Background Behavior . . . . . . . . . . .461

Security Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .462

Interacting with Other Apps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463

FileMaker URL Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . .463

Maps and Location . . . . . . .. . . . . .464

Dial Phone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .466

Part VI: Connectivity

17 FileMaker XML Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467

URL Syntax for Web Access to FileMaker Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467

URL Syntax for XML Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467

URL Syntax for Access to Container Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . .468

FileMaker XML Grammars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .469

Query Parameters for XML URL Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . .472

Query Commands . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .473

Query Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . .474

FileMaker XML Namespaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478

18 FileMaker API for PHP . . . . . . . . . . . . .479

Class Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479

Classes and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . .480

FileMaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480

FileMaker_Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487

FileMaker_Command_Add . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490

FileMaker_Command_CompoundFind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490

FileMaker_Command_Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492

FileMaker_Command_Duplicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492

FileMaker_Command_Edit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .493

FileMaker_Command_Find . . . . . . . .

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Pearson may send or direct marketing communications to users, provided that

Pearson will not use personal information collected or processed as a K-12 school service provider for the purpose of directed or targeted advertising.
Such marketing is consistent with applicable law and Pearson's legal obligations.
Pearson will not knowingly direct or send marketing communications to an individual who has expressed a preference not to receive marketing.
Where required by applicable law, express or implied consent to marketing exists and has not been withdrawn.

Pearson may provide personal information to a third party service provider on a restricted basis to provide marketing solely on behalf of Pearson or an affiliate or customer for whom Pearson is a service provider. Marketing preferences may be changed at any time.

Correcting/Updating Personal Information

If a user's personally identifiable information changes (such as your postal address or email address), we provide a way to correct or update that user's personal data provided to us. This can be done on the Account page. If a user no longer desires our service and desires to delete his or her account, please contact us at customer-service@informit.com and we will process the deletion of a user's account.

Choice/Opt-out

Users can always make an informed choice as to whether they should proceed with certain services offered by InformIT. If you choose to remove yourself from our mailing list(s) simply visit the following page and uncheck any communication you no longer want to receive: www.informit.com/u.aspx.

Sale of Personal Information

Pearson does not rent or sell personal information in exchange for any payment of money.

While Pearson does not sell personal information, as defined in Nevada law, Nevada residents may email a request for no sale of their personal information to NevadaDesignatedRequest@pearson.com.

Supplemental Privacy Statement for California Residents

California residents should read our Supplemental privacy statement for California residents in conjunction with this Privacy Notice. The Supplemental privacy statement for California residents explains Pearson's commitment to comply with California law and applies to personal information of California residents collected in connection with this site and the Services.

Sharing and Disclosure

Pearson may disclose personal information, as follows:

As required by law.
With the consent of the individual (or their parent, if the individual is a minor)
In response to a subpoena, court order or legal process, to the extent permitted or required by law
To protect the security and safety of individuals, data, assets and systems, consistent with applicable law
In connection the sale, joint venture or other transfer of some or all of its company or assets, subject to the provisions of this Privacy Notice
To investigate or address actual or suspected fraud or other illegal activities
To exercise its legal rights, including enforcement of the Terms of Use for this site or another contract
To affiliated Pearson companies and other companies and organizations who perform work for Pearson and are obligated to protect the privacy of personal information consistent with this Privacy Notice
To a school, organization, company or government agency, where Pearson collects or processes the personal information in a school setting or on behalf of such organization, company or government agency.

Links

This web site contains links to other sites. Please be aware that we are not responsible for the privacy practices of such other sites. We encourage our users to be aware when they leave our site and to read the privacy statements of each and every web site that collects Personal Information. This privacy statement applies solely to information collected by this web site.

Requests and Contact

Please contact us about this Privacy Notice or if you have any requests or questions relating to the privacy of your personal information.

Changes to this Privacy Notice

We may revise this Privacy Notice through an updated posting. We will identify the effective date of the revision in the posting. Often, updates are made to provide greater clarity or to comply with changes in regulatory requirements. If the updates involve material changes to the collection, protection, use or disclosure of Personal Information, Pearson will provide notice of the change through a conspicuous notice on this site or other appropriate way. Continued use of the site after the effective date of a posted revision evidences acceptance. Please contact us if you have questions or concerns about the Privacy Notice or any objection to any revisions.

Last Update: November 17, 2020

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