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Historical and evolutionary coverage provides a solid foundation and prepares students to delve into technical information. Ex___
Thorough, intelligent, detailed coverage of every aspect of computing provides students with a wide-ranging background. Ex.___
The Essential Guide to Computers is an intelligent, thorough, friendly, and up-to-date explanation of computer technology. It's perfect for smart professionals who want to understand the technology -- but don't have computer science or engineering degrees! Learn how computers have evolved from early, room-sized monoliths to PCs to tomorrow's "information appliances." Understand each key hardware component of a contemporary computer, including microprocessors, memory, storage, I/O, and displays. Understand the role of systems architecture in the orderly evolution of computing technology; then learn what operating systems are and how they compare. Understand the role of programming languages and what they try to achieve; including the basics of object-orientation, today's leading approach to software development. Next, learn how computers can be organized into many kinds of networks, from LANs to the Internet; and how this enables new kinds of software and applications, including e-commerce. For anyone who wants to understand the fundamentals of how computers and networks work.
Click here for a sample chapter for this book: 0130194697.pdf
(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with a Conclusion and Test Your Understanding.)
I. COMPUTER HARDWARE.
1. The Core of Computing: How the Key Elements of Hardware Work Together.An Overview of How a Computer Works. What Happens When a Computer Starts Up. The Computer Begins to Work. Binary and Digital. The Internal Operations of the CPU. Fetch. Decode (Analyze). Execute. Store. The Clock. Interrupts. Designing a Faster CPU. Architecture: Suiting the CPU to the Task. RISC. SIMD. VLIW. Linking CPUs. Microprocessors for Special Purposes. ASICs. DSPs. Media Processors. FPGAs. New Approaches to Computing. Supercooling. Optical Computing. Even More Exotic Stuff.
2. Memory, Storage, and Input/Output.An Overview of How Storage Works. A File Is Loaded into Memory. The CPU Gets Information from Disk. A File Is Saved to Disk. The Memory System. The Memory Problem. The System (Memory) Bus. Memory Chips. Some Other Types of Chip Storage. Disk Storage. Magnetic Storage. Optical Storage. The I/O Bus. PCI. External I/O. Chipsets.
3. Computer Monitors and Graphics Systems.Making an Image. Pixels and Dots. Resolution. Resolution, Content, and Perception. Color. Contrast and Brightness. Image Stability and Smoothness of Motion. Monitor Technologies. The Structure of Graphics Systems. Bitmapped Images. Vector Images. Bitmaps vs Vectors. Generations of Graphics Systems. First Generation Graphics. Second Generation Graphics Systems. The Key Elements of Third Generation (3D) Systems. Changes in Graphics Software. Printers. Printer Resolution. Major Types of Printers. Printer Intelligence.
4. Silicon Economics.Silicon Foundations: Making Chips. Smaller Is Cheaper. Smaller Is Faster. Smaller Uses Less Power. New Approaches to Chipmaking. Microprocessor Families. Intel Corporation. Intel Clones. RISC CPUs. Summary: Can Anyone Compete with Intel? Types of Computers. Mainframes. Supercomputers. Servers and Workstations. Desktops. The Set-top Box. Portable Systems. The Evolving Microprocessor Architecture: What Do You Do with a Billion Transistors on One Chip? ASIC-Oriented. General-Purpose CPU. Media Processors. System on Chip.
Putting It All Together.Servers. A Graphics System. An Analytical System. A Desktop System. A Portable System.
II. SOFTWARE.
5. Fundamentals of the Operating System.Why Have an Operating System? The Core Functions of an Operating System. System Supervision. Services to Hardware. Services to Software. Communications Services. Security. Single-User Systems in a Networked Environment. Directories. The Structure of the Operating System. The Kernel. User Section. The Challenge of Multiprocessing. Multiprocessing and the OS. Multiprocessing in Hardware.
6. Evolution of the Operating System.Mainframe Systems. Minicomputer/Server Systems. Proprietary: VMS. Proprietary: OS/400. Open: UNIX and Variants.
7. Microcomputer Operating Systems.Microsoft's MS-DOS. An Overview of MS-DOS. Memory and Task Management. The Mac OS. Key Characteristics of the Mac OS. Initial Development of the Mac OS. Compatibility Issues. The Mac Shifts to the PowerPC. The Current Mac OS. Windows. Key Characteristics of the Window OS Series. Windows 1.0 to 2.0. Windows 3.0. Windows 95 and Windows 98. Windows NT/2000. OS/2. A Network-only OS: NetWare. Very Small System OSs. The Palm OS. Epoc.
8. Programming, Object Oriented Technology, and Software Development.Basic Programming Terminology. Subroutines. Interrupted vs Compiled Languages. The Software Crisis. Structured Programming. Project Modeling. Modular Programming. Programming Languages by Level. Machine Language Programming. Assembly Language. High-level Languages. 4GLs (Whatever They Are). Artificial Intelligence: 5GL? Object-Oriented Technology. How OOT Works. Applying OOT. The Compound Document Concept. The Major Object-Oriented Languages. Software Development Strategies and Programming Tools. CASE Tools. Rapid Application Development.
9. Databases, Applications, and Software Reliability.Databases. The Elements of a Database. Planning a Database. The Relational Model of Database Organization. Nonrelational Databases. The Power of Legacy Database Systems. Database Markets. Application Software. Spreadsheets. Word Processing. Voice Recognition: Coming on Strong. The Software Industry. Microsoft. The Rest.
Putting It All Together.Choosing an OS for E-Commerce. Choosing a Database for E-Commerce. Choosing a Programming Language and Tools for E-Commerce.
III. NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET.
10. Digital vs Analog: Communications Basics.Waves of Information. Amplitude Modulation (AM). Frequency Modulation (FM). Phase Modulation (PM). Bandwidth. Amplitude and Attention. Frequencies and Diffusion. Replacing Analog Signaling with Digital. Data Compression. Noncontent-based Compression. Error Detection and Correction. Forward Error Detection/Correction.
11. Network Fundamentals.An Overview of Network Fundamentals. A Quick Analogy. Sending a File. The Importance of Packets. Addresses. Sequencing and Flow Control. Error Detection and Correction. Packet Size. Latency. Protocol Stacks. Layer 4: The Transport Layer. Layer 3: The Network Layer. Layer 2: The Data Link Layer. Layer 1: The Physical layer. Getting from A to B: Circuits, Virtual Circuits, and Circuitless Approaches. Type One: Leased Line. Type Two: Switched Circuit. Type Three: Internet Type. Type Four: Cell or Framed Switched. Media. Wireless. Wired. Topologies, Multiplexing, and Synchronization. Topologies. Channels: Timing and Multiplexing. Network Connecting Points. Passive Devices: Hubs and Repeaters. Active Devices: Switches, Routers and Bridges. The Issue of Multicasting.
12. Types of Networks.Local Area Networks. Ethernet. Token Ring. LAN to LAN Connections: Campus Networks. FDDI. ATM. Gigabit Ethernet. Which Is Best for Backbone and Campus Links? Local to Wide Area Connections: Access Networks. Carriers (Physical Links). Network Services. WANs. SONET. Wave Division Multiplexing. Wireless Wide Area and Access Networks. Wireless Local Loop. LMDS and MMDS. Satellite Links.
13. Client/Server Concepts.Network Generations. Terminal-Host. Client-File Server. Client/Server. Distributed Data vs Distributed Processing. Distributed Data Structures. Client/Server Data Systems. Data Warehouses. Computer Telephony Integration. Distributed Applications/Groupware. E-mail and Calendaring. Groupware: Lotus Notes and Others. Web Integration. Agent Software.
14. The Internet and Network Security.Origins of the Internet. From DARPA to ARPA. Early Uses. Organization. Virtual Private Networks, Firewalls, and the Concept of an Intranet. Network Security. Encryption Concepts. Digital Signatures. Digital Envelopes. Digital Certificates/Digital IDs. Digital Birthmarks. Cracking Codes. Methodology. Summary of Digital Security.
Putting It All Together.Conclusion: The Next Stages of Computing.
Glossary.The story of computing's development is as fascinating as anything in history. In just more than 50 years, we have gone from some sketchy ideas and concepts to a world in which the number of computing devices is reckoned in the hundreds of millions and growing fast.
Counting computer generations is necessarily controversialmachines don't have the same pedigrees as people. But, the five generations that are described here comprise close to a consensus. We'll characterize them briefly, then discuss the fundamental changes in economics that have resulted.
As I described this book project to friends and colleagues, a typical reaction was something like, "It can't be done. Things change too fast to be captured in a book. It will be out of date before it's printed." The part about things changing fast is certainly true. In the three to four months since the last edits were completed on the manuscript and until the first printed copies appear, some of the technologies mentioned will be on their way to obsolescence, and other new and exciting ones will appear. But, if the world of computing was really changing too fast to understand, the knowledge base of the people who provide the engines of innovation would be too small to sustain the rate of change. In fact, the number of people who really understand the full sweep of issues in computing and telecommunications is very small. If you read this book you will have a breadth of knowledge that is very rare.
And, whatever the critics say, it is possible to catch the train of technology and climb aboard. If you view this book as a reference to all that is new and current, you will be disappointed. For that, you need the Web, newspapers, and magazines. The real question is how do you get the foundation of knowledge that allows you to understand what the media are saying about technologynot just comprehend it, but put it in the perspective needed for employment, education, or investing? The situation for the average person with technology today would be analogous to that of an untrained person suddenly placed in a football game as a coach (the first and last sports analogy in the book, I promise). This coach doesn't know the rules, much less have any sense of how to develop a strategy, and things are changing so fast that he can't infer them from watching the game. To maintain the analogy then, the purpose of this book is to put you in the stands, and give you a rule book and a TV for instant replay (if I could choose, I would like the comparison to be with John Madden's analysis). This experience should give you the knowledge and perspective you need to be a coach, a referee, or even a player.
There are a variety of paths you can pursue when you complete the EGC. If you only want to continue to be far more informed than all but a handful of people, you simply need to use the Web, the newspapers, and magazines to keep current. To make this easier, we've provided a Web site, www.prenhall.com/walters
, that both provides direct information and offers links to some of the best sources for breaking knowledge (the Web site also includes answers to the questions provided at the end of each chapter). Alternatively, if you want to go deeper, this book is a foundation for more focused study. To learn in depth, you really (still) need books, and the Suggestions for Further Reading includes an array of choices. The EGC Web site updates these on a regular basis. Needless to say, there are a variety of other directions you could choose. Whatever your decision, I hope this volume launches you in a productive and pleasant direction.