Essence of Object-Oriented Programming with Java? and UML, The

Description

• Copyright 2002
• Dimensions: 7-3/8" x 9-1/4"
• Pages: 320
• Edition: 1st

• Book
• ISBN-10: 0-201-73410-9
• ISBN-13: 978-0-201-73410-2

This book can give any Java developer -- regardless of experience -- the firm foundation they need to achieve the full benefits of object-oriented programming. The book combines practical introductions to UML, object-oriented methodologies, design patterns, libraries, and frameworks -- giving developers all the skills they need to begin writing robust object-oriented programs -- and to tackle the entire field of object-oriented development. Leading developer Bruce Wampler begins with a brief introduction to objects and their benefits; then introduces the fundamental concepts of object orientation and shows how they can be implemented in Java -- starting with the basics, and moving on to advanced topics such as object lifetime and copies of objects. He moves on to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design, introducing the essential concepts at the heart of every methodology. Next, he presents the essence of today's leading techniques for building effective object-oriented Java systems -- including design patterns, refactoring, and more. Wampler concludes by drawing on his decades of development experience to share powerful personal guidelines for creating more effective software. For all application developers who know at least the basics of Java, and are seeking to strengthen their object-oriented programming skills.

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Table of Contents

(NOTE: Most chapters conclude with a Summary.)

Preface.


Acknowlegements.


1. Objects, UML, and Java.

Object Orientation.

Object-Oriented Languages.

Object-Oriented Design and the UML.

The Payoff of Objects.

2. The Essence of Objects.

What Is an Object-Oriented System?

Fundamental Properties of an Object-Oriented System.

Abstraction with Objects.

Encapsulated Classes.

Communication via Messages.

Object Lifetime.

Class Hierarchies.

Polymorphism.

An Example—Putting it All Together.

Other OO Concepts.

Abstract Classes.

Visibility of Methods.

Class versus Instance.

Accessing Objects.

A Low-Level View of Objects.

Resources.

3. Objects in Java.

Defining Classes in Java.

Visibility.

Inheritance.

Association, Aggregation, and Composition.

Java Interfaces.

Object Lifetime in Java.

Constructors.

Garbage Collection.

Memory Leaks.

Class versus Instance Methods and Attributes.

Copies of Objects.

Messages.

Resources.

4. Object-Oriented Analysis and Design.

Software Methodologies.

The Elements of a Software Project 84

The Essence of Object-Oriented Analysis.

Object Discovery.

Evaluate Candidate Objects.

Determine Object Hierarchies.

Discover Object Attributes.

Discover Object Operations.

The Essence of Object-Oriented Design.

Some Design Guidelines.

Get the Big Picture.

Encapsulation.

Designing Classes.

Inheritance.

General Guidelines.

The Build and Release Phases.

Building the Software.

Releasing the Software.

More on the UML.

Resources.

5. Object-Oriented Graphical User Interfaces with Swing.

Graphical User Interfaces.

A Typical Application.

Dialog Boxes.

Events.

A Brief Introduction to Swing.

MVC: Model, View, Controller.

MVC with Java.

A Small Swing MVC GUI Framework.

A Simple Application Based on Wmvc.

UML Sequence Diagram for Thermometer.

Resources.

6. A Case Study in Java.

Analysis of MovieCat.

Movie Class.

MovieModel Class. View Classes.

Putting It All Together.

Implementation of MovieCat.

Design of MovieCat.

MovieCat Class.

Movie Class.

MovieModel Class.

MainView Class.

MovieListView Class.

MovieItemView Class.

MovieEditor Class.

Movie Helper Classes.

Review.

7. Design Patterns.

What are Design Patterns?

using Design Patterns.

Designing Pattern Description Templates.

The Gang of Four Patterns.

Example Design Patterns Used by Wmvc and MovieCat.

Observer Pattern.

Observer Pattern in Wmvc.

Command Pattern in Wmvc.

Other Patterns Used in Wmvc and MovieCat.

Resources.

8. Refactoring.

What Is Refactoring?

The Basic Refactoring Process.

When do You Refactor?

Code Smells.

When Not to Refactor.

Some Refactorings.

Refactoring Categories.

Some Refactorings.

Refactoring Categories.

Some Specific Refactorings.

Resources.

9. Software Development Methodologies.

Methodologies for Large Scale Projects.

Overview of the Unified Process

Basic Concepts.

Agile Methodologies for Small Projects.

Agile Alliance.

Extreme Programming.

DSDM.

Crystal/Adaptive Software Development.

Source Development.

Open Source Development.

Open Source Is Distributed Development

Resources.

10. Software Tools for Object-Oriented Development.

GUIs versus Consoles.

Characteristics of a Good Editor.

Three Types of Editors.

Emacs.

Integrated Development Environments.

VIDE.

Borland JBuilder.

Sun Forte.

Another IDE.

Source-Code Control.

CASE, Modeling, and UML Tools.

ArgoUML.

MagicDraw.

Rational Software.

TogetherSoft.

Other UML Tools.

11. Programming—A Personal Perspective.

Programming.

Your Code Never Dies.

Programming with Style.

Know What You are Doing.

Write Practice Programs.

Practical Incremental Programming.

The Tools Matter.

Objects Rally Help.

Testing.

Debugging.

Don't Reinvent the Wheel.

Sometimes It Is Better to Do It Yourself.

You Can Get Ideas Any Time.

Get a Life.

A Plan Matters.

The Tools.

Your Editor Really Matters.

Know About the Time-Tested Tools.

Know About the Latest Tools.

Tools Go Away.

The Work Environment.

A Happy Programmer Is a Productive Programmer.

Physical Environment.

Flexibility.

40 Hours.

The Team.

Marketing Matters.

Keep Up-to-Date.

Share the Struggle.

Let Programmers Help Make Policy.

Let Your Boss Know What You Need.

The Reference Software Story.

Programming Resources.

Use the Web.

Watch Out for the Web.

Use Open Source if You Can.

Other Programmers.

Web Sites.

12. What Next?

Object Orientation.

Java.

More Terms You Need to Know.

Distributed Computing Terms.

Java-Related Terms from Sun.

Other Terms.

Glossary.


Index. 0201734109T12052001

Preface

Why This Book?

The goal of this book is to cover what you need to know to develop object-oriented (OO) software using Java and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). When you are through with this book, you should understand object-oriented software development well enough to answer the following questions.

• What is object orientation?
• What is the UML?
• What is object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD)?
• How do you do OOAD?
• What are object-oriented development methodologies?
• How do you use Java to write truly object-oriented programs?
• What is Swing, and how can you use it to write object-oriented graphical user interfaces?
• What are design patterns?
• What is refactoring?
• What tools do you use to write object-oriented programs?
• What are some guidelines for writing good code?
• What do you need to read next to learn even more about object orientation?

Who Is This Book For?

This book is intended for programmers who know the basics of programming with Java and now want to understand the fundamentals of object-oriented software development. If you're fairly new to programming and have had a class or two in Java, you're probably starting to feel comfortable with Java. Now you're ready to reap the benefits of true object-oriented programming in Java, and this book will help you.

If you're an experienced programmer who wants to move from using an old-style procedural programming language to developing object-oriented systems in Java, this book is also for you. This book will take you well down the path to real object-oriented software development. If you have a Java manual available for quick reference, you will likely be able to learn the most important aspects of Java from the examples included in this book.

However, this book should not be the last one you read on object orientation, the UML, or Java. Instead, it should give you an essential understanding of objects so that you can read additional advanced and detailed books on the topic with greater purpose.

Overview of Chapters

Chapter 1 is a brief introduction to objects and the benefits of object-oriented software development.

Chapter 2 covers the fundamental concepts of object orientation. Object orientation has many important concepts, and of course, its own vocabulary. It is important for you to understand the main concepts and to be familiar with the specialized vocabulary. Even if you are familiar with some object-oriented concepts, you should review them in this chapter. Basic UML is also introduced.

Chapter 3 covers how to use Java to write object-oriented programs. It is not really a Java tutorial, but rather concentrates on using Java to implement object-oriented concepts. The first part of the chapter covers basic Java concepts. The later parts of the chapter cover more-advanced topics, such as object lifetime, copies of objects, and other concepts that are crucial when working with classes and objects.

Chapter 4 covers object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). Rather than focus on any specific OOAD methodology, this chapter covers basics that are important for any methodology.

The first four chapters cover the essence of object orientation. Chapter 5 takes a look at graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and the Java Swing library, using the object-oriented perspective developed in the previous chapters. This object-oriented introduction to Swing is a somewhat different approach than is typically found in Swing tutorials.

Chapter 6 ties everything together with a case study of a small Java application. The fundamental OOAD concepts covered in Chapter 4 are used to design the application, and the Java and Swing concepts covered in Chapters 3 and 5 are used for the implementation.

The goal of the remainder of the book is to give you a good overview of the practical aspects of object-oriented programming. Chapter 7 introduces design patterns, a recent development that uses previously developed software design patterns to make designing new software easier. Chapter 8 covers refactoring, which is a disciplined object-oriented approach to revising and enhancing existing software. Chapter 9 gives brief overviews of some of the current software development methodologies for large- and small-scale object-oriented software projects. Chapter 10 covers some of the current software tools available for developing object-oriented software. Finally, Chapter 11 gives some of my personal guidelines for developing better software.

About the Author

I wrote my first program more than 30 years ago, and I have been developing software ever since. Most of that software has been for the PC marketplace, which means that my code has had to do a useful job, do it with as few bugs as possible, and be passed on to others for continued development. It has meant that I've had to be efficient and practical. For a long time, I've wanted to share my practical experience with other programmers.

So, what is all this experience I've had? Right after I finished my PhD in computer science at the University of Utah, in 1979, I worked on security software at the Sandia National Laboratory. However, I found the emerging personal computer world much more exciting. I left Sandia Labs, started a small software company, and wrote one of the first spelling checkers that ran on a PC. My next step was to write the first PC-based grammar and writing style checker.

I sold my company and began teaching computer science at the University of New Mexico, a relationship that lasted, at least on a part-time basis, until 1997. But I just couldn't stay out of the PC business. I continued my work on grammar checking, and in 1985 started a new PC software company with some partners in San Francisco. That company, Reference Software International, developed and marketed the Grammatik grammar checker. I was chief scientist there, and built a fairly large software development group to improve Grammatik and build other reference software products. WordPerfect bought Reference Software in 1992, and I went back to teaching at the University of New Mexico. It was there that I first thought of writing a book about object-oriented programming.

In the mean time, I designed and wrote an open source C++ GUI framework, called V. It is an easy-to-use framework for building simple GUI applications on Windows and X, and is in widespread use today. I also wrote the VIDE freeware editor and integrated development environment, which is also widely used.

Of all the advancements in software development I've witnessed over the years, object-oriented programming in Java and C++ has seemed the most significant in terms of how much easier it makes the programming task. While object orientation doesn't solve all the problems of software development, it makes development and long-term maintenance much easier. The result is a real gain in programming productivity. So it is well worth the effort to learn object-oriented software development.

The goal of this book is to introduce you to the essence of object orientation without overwhelming you with all the details of a specific object-oriented development methodology or every nuance of a programming language. After years of teaching programming and software engineering, I've found that learning to use Java or any other object-oriented programming language comes more easily if you first get a good understanding of objects and of designing systems using objects.

I have found that just because programmers are using an object-oriented programming language doesn't mean they are writing good object-oriented programs. Without a good understanding of object orientation, it is impossible to realize its full benefits, including the most important--software that is easier to write and maintain.

Acknowledgments

First, I must thank my family for putting up with me for the past year while I've been holed up in my office working on this book. I know they would have liked to have me around more, but writing this book has been something I've needed to do for many years. And special thanks to my son, Van, who created the great Kokopelli programmer drawing for the cover.

I also must thank Ross Venables, the editor at Addison-Wesley who discovered an early version of this book on my Web site and encouraged me to turn it into a complete book. And I want to thank Paul Becker, who took on this project and saw it to completion.

I want to thank all the other people who helped make this book better, from the reviewers and editors at Addison-Wesley to all those who sent me suggestions and feedback on the early drafts posted on my Web site.

Bruce E. Wampler
Glenwood Springs, Colorado

0201734109P12052001

Index

A

abstract classes

defined, 267

overview of, 29-30

Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT), 109, 110

abstraction

defined, 11, 267

with objects, 13, 29

accessor, 267. See also getter

action events, Swing, 112

activity diagrams, UML, 102

actors, defined, 267

Ada, 3

Adaptive Software Development, 227

agents, defined, 267

aggregation

defined, 21, 267

in Java, 54-57

in OO relationships, 27-29

in UML, 18

Agile Alliance

methodologies, small projects, 217-219

software development manifesto, 218-219

Web site resources, 217-219

anonymous listener, Swing, 118

application servers, 268

ArgoUML

software tools, 241-242

Web site resources, 242

association

defined, 19, 268

in Java, 54-57

in OO relationships, 27-29

in UML, 17

attributes

class, 33

defined, 268

encapsulated classes, 14

instances, 33

of objects, 8

AWT (Abstract Windowing Toolkit), 109

B

base classes, defined, 268

Beck, Kent, 104, 219

behaviors

default, 23

defined, 14, 268

expressed by methods, 16

black box, 2

Booch, Grady, 104, 214

borrowing association, 19

build and release phase, 98-100

C

C++

compared with Java, 61-62, 271

debugging, 250

explicit description of objects in, 16

friend specifier, 32

inheritance in, 24, 48

as object oriented language, 1, 3-4, 9, 13, 245

support for, 236, 242, 243

call listeners, Java

anonymous, 118

defined, 273

inner class, 120

single class, 34

callback, defined, 34, 268

candidate objects, 84-87

change events, Swing, 112

class

versus instance, 32-33

versus methods and attributes, 62-63

class attributes

defined, 268

methods and, 30-32

class hierarchies, as principles, 29

class method, defined, 269

class notation, UML, 17-18

class-responsibility-collaborator (CRC) cards, 85-87

classes

abstract, 29-30

concrete, 30

defined, 8, 268

defining in Java, 40-44

designing in OOAD, 95-96

encapsulated, 11-14

hierarchies, 12, 18

naming conventions for, 45

simple view, in UML,, 18

view, in MovieCat, 155-158

code listings. See program listings

code review, and ownership, 99

cohesion, defined, 269

COM, defined, 269

command design, 200

command events, Swing, 112-121

command patterns, Java, 199-201

communication, via messages, 14-15

composition

defined, 21, 269

in Java, 54-57

in OO relationships, 27-29

concrete class, 269

constants, 46

constructors

defined, 16, 269

in Java, 60-61

containers, 33, 269

copies, of objects, 63-70

core class, 269

COS naming, 269

coupling, defined, 269

CRC (class-responsibility-collaborator cards), 85-87

Crystal/Adaptive Software Development, 223

Crystal, Web site resources, 227

Cunningham, Ward, 104, 219

customers, defined, 78, 269

CVS, 241

Cygwin, 231

D

DAP (directory access protocol), 270

DCE (distributed computing environment), 270

DCOM (distributed component object model), 270

debugging, 250

deep copy, defined, 64, 270

default behaviors, defined, 270

deployment diagrams, in UML, 103

derived subclasses, 23, 270

description templates, in design patterns, 190-191

design patterns

command pattern in Wmvc framework, 199-201

description templates, 190-191

Gang of Four, behavioral, 193-195

Gang of Four, creational, 192

Gang of Four, observer, 195-199

Gang of Four, structural, 192-193

overview of, 189-190

resources, 201

summary, 201

used by Wmvc and MovieCat, 195-198, 201

using, 190

destructors, defined, 270

developer organizations, defined, 78, 270

diagrams, class, 18

dialog boxes, in GUIs, 108

directory access protocol (DAP), 270

distributed component object model (DCOM), 270

distributed computing, defined, 270

distributed computing environment (DCE), 270

DSDM (Dynamic Systems Development Method), 222-223

dynamic binding

defined, 270

in polymorphism, 27

Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM), 222-223

E

editors

desirable characteristics of, 231-232

Emacs, 233-234

GUI, 29, 233

modeless, 232

types of, 232-233

vi, 234-235

VIM, 235

Eiffel, 3

EJB (Enterprise JavaBeans), 270

Emacs, 233-234

encapsulated classes, 29

encapsulation

of classes, 13-14

defined, 11, 270

Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), 270

events

command , in Swing, 112-121

defined, 270

Extreme Programming (XP)

overview of, 219-220

practices of, 220-221

rising interest in, 221-222

values of, 219-220

Web site resources, 227

F

feasibility, risk assessment, 78, 270

finalizer methods, Java, 271

Forte, 239-240

Fowler, Martin, 37

frameworks, of classes, 106, 271

friend class, 271

friend specifier, C++, 32

function. See method

G

Gang of Four

behavioral patterns, 193-195

creational patterns, 192

pattern templates, 191

patterns, using, 191-195

structural patterns, 192-193

garbage collection

defined, 17, 271

in Java, 60-61

generalization/specialization

in animals, 22

defined, 21, 271

generic/parameterized classes, defined, 271

getter methods

defined, 271

visibility and, 32

GNU project

in open source development, 224

Web site resources, 227, 234

graphical user interfaces (GUI)

dialog boxes, 107-108

events in, 108-109

overview of, 106-108

Swing as, 109-112

typical application, 106-107

vs. consoles, 230

H

has-a, whole/part relationships, 20, 271

hierarchies

class, 12, 18

defined, 19, 271

generalization/specialization in animals and, 22

whole/part relationships, 20

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), 271

I

IBM Visual Age for Java. See Visual Age for Java

IDE. See integrated development environment (IDE)

identity, of objects, 17, 271

IDL (interface description language), 271

IIOP (Internet Inter-ORB Protocol), 272

implements, specification, 24, 272

inheritance

in C++, 24, 48

defined, 23, 272

designing, OOAD, 96-97

in Java, 24, 48-54

multiple, 24

in OO relationships, 27-29

polymorphism and, 24

single, 24

in UML, 18, 22

initial specification, software, 78, 272

instance attributes, 33, 62-63, 272

instance methods, 33, 62-63, 272

instances, 16, 272

instantiation, of objects, 16, 272

integrated development environment (IDE)

software tools, 231, 235-236

VIDE, free IDE, 236-237

interaction, via messages, 11

interface description language (IDL), 272

interfaces

defined, 273

Java, 57-60

Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP), 272

is-a, inheritance relationships, 21, 272

is-a tests, 25, 272

iterator method(s), 34, 273

J

J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition), 273

Jacobson, Ivar, 214

Java. See also Java, support for object orientation

classes, 40-44

compared with C++, 61-62, 271

constructors, 60-61

creating new objects in, 35

garbage collection in, 16, 60-61

IDEs, Forte, 239-240

IDEs, JBuilder, 237-239

IDEs, Visual Age, 240

implements, defined, 24

inheritance, 24, 48-54

interfaces, 57-60

memory leaks in, 61-62

memory use in, 35

naming conventions, 45-46

object lifetime, 60

as object-oriented language, 3-4

references for tracking objects, 16

temporary storage, 35

visibility, 44-47

Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE), 273

Java case study (MovieCat)

analysis of, objects, attributes and operation discovery, 148-151

analysis of, situation evaluation, 151

analysis of, use cases, 146-148

design of, Movie class, 152-153

design of, MovieModel class, 153-155

design of, view classes, 155-158

implementation of, MainView class, 168-172

implementation of, Movie class, 160-163

implementation of, Movie helper classes, 183-185

implementation of, MovieCat class, 159-160

implementation of, MovieEditor class, 179-183

implementation of, MovieItemView class, 175-179

implementation of, MovieListView class, 173-175

implementation of, MovieModel class, 163-168

other aspects, 262

overview of, 145-146

review and summary, 185-187

Java database connectivity technology (JDBC), 273

Java naming and directory interface (JNDI), 273

Java native interface (JNI), 273

Java, support for object orientation, 39-72. See also Java

association, aggregation and composition, 54-57

class vs. instance methods and attributes, 62-63

copies of objects, 63-70

defining classes, 40-44

inheritance, 48-54

interfaces, 57-60

messages, 70-71

object lifetime, 60-62

resources, 71

summary, 71

visibility, 44-47

Java Swing Library. See Swing

Java transaction API (JTA), 273

Java transaction service (JTS), 273

Java virtual machine (JVM), 273

JavaServer pages (JSP), 273

JBuilder

as Java IDE, 237-239

screen layout, 237

Web site resources, 238

JDBC (Java database connectivity technology), 273

JFrame, practical structure of, 111

Jikes

software tools, 244

Web site resources, 244

JNDI (Java naming and directory interface), 273

JNI (Java native interface), 273

JSP (JavaServer pages), 273

JTA (Java transaction API), 273

JTS (Java transaction service), 273

JUnit, 244

JVM (Java virtual machine), 273

L

large-scale projects, 214-215

links, to classes, 34, 273

Lisp, 3

listeners. See call listeners, Java

listings, code. See program listings

listings, program. See program listings

low-level view, of objects, 34-36

M

MagicDraw

software tools, 242

Web site resources, 242

MainView class, in Java case study, 168-172

member, defined, 273

memory, Java

leaks, 61-62

use, 35

message-oriented middleware (MOM), 274

messages

communication via, 14-15

interaction via, 11

overview of, 70-71

methodologies, software, 76-77

methods

class, 33

constructor, 16

defined, 14, 274

instance, 33

naming conventions for, 45

middleware, defined, 274

mix-in class/interface, 34, 274

Model/View/Controller (MVC)

diagram of, 122

with Java, 123-125

overview of, 122-123

sample application, MainView.java, 140-141

sample application, TemperatureView.java, 141-142

sample application, Thermometer app, 137-139

sample application, ThermometerModel.java, 139-140

UML sequence diagram for Thermometer, 142-143

Wmvc framework, controller subclasses, 133-136

Wmvc framework, WmvcApp class, 125-129

Wmvc framework, WmvcController class, 131-132

Wmvc framework, WmvcExecutor class, 136-137

Wmvc framework, WmvcModel class, 130

Wmvc framework, WmvcView class, 130-131

modifier, of objects, 274

modules, program, 274

MOM (message-oriented middleware), 274

Movie classes

in Java case study, 154

planning, 152-153

using, 160-163

Movie helper classes, 155, 183-185

MovieCat application. See Java case study (MovieCat)

MovieEditor class, 179-183

MovieItemView class, 175-179

MovieListView class, 173-175

MovieModel, 153-155, 156, 163-168

multiple inheritance

defined, 272

of subclasses, 24

multiplicity attribute, 19, 274

mUML

software tools, 243

Web site resources, 243

MVC. See Model/View/Controller (MVC)

N

names

choosing names, 88-89

COS naming standards, 269

Java conventions, 45-46

Netscape C language API (NSAPI), 274

nouns, in Java case study, 148-150

NSAPI (Netscape C language API), 275

O

Object Data Management Group (ODMG), 275

object database management system (ODMS), 275

Object Management Group (OMG), 4-5, 275

object orientation, 7-37. See also Java, support for object orientation

class defined, 8

concepts, abstract classes, 29-30

concepts, accessing objects, 33-34

concepts, class vs. inheritance, 32-33

concepts, low-level view, 34-36

concepts, visibility of methods, 30-32

defined, 10, 275

example, 27-29

fundamental properties, 10-18

fundamental properties, abstraction with objects, 10, 13

fundamental properties, class hierarchies, 12, 18-25

fundamental properties, communication via messages, 11, 14-15

fundamental properties, encapsulated classes, 11, 13-14

fundamental properties, object lifetime, 12, 15-18

fundamental properties, polymorphism, 12-13, 25-27

object defined, 7

object-oriented systems, 9-10

resources, 37

summary, 36

value of, 5

object-oriented-analysis and design (OOAD)

build and release phase, building the software, 98-100

build and release phase, releasing the software, 100-101

design guidelines, class design, 95-96

design guidelines, encapsulation, 95

design guidelines, general guidelines, 97-98

design guidelines, getting the big picture, 94-95

design guidelines, inheritance, 96-97

determining object hierarchies, 87

discovering object attributes, 88-89

discovering object operations, 89-91

elements of software projects, 77-79

essence of object-oriented design, 92-94

evaluating candidate objects, 84-85

introduction, 2-3

object discovery, 82-84

resources, 103

software methodologies, 76-77

summary, 103

UML diagrams, 101-103

object-oriented database management system (OODBMS), defined, 275

object-oriented database (OODB), 275

object-oriented-design and UML, 4-5

object-oriented graphical interfaces, Swing, 142-144

object-oriented languages

C++ as widely used example, 3-4

Java as language of choice, 3-4

list of, 3

overview of, 3-4

object-oriented relationships, 27-29

object request broker (ORB), 275

ObjectDomain

software tools, 243

Web site resources, 243

Objective C, 3

Objective Pascal, 3

objects

abstraction with, 10, 13

accessing, in object-oriented languages, 33-34

attributes, 8, 148-151

copies of, 63-70

defined, 7, 274

discovery, in OOAD, 82-84

essence of, 36

evaluating candidate, 84-87

hierarchies, 87

identity, 16

instances, 16

instantiated, 16

Java, 35, 71-72

lifetime of, 15-18, 29, 60

low-level view of, 34-36

methods, 14

operations, 89-91, 148-151

overview of, 7-9

state of, 14

observer patterns

structure, 197

using, 195-198

in Wmvc, 198-199, 200

ODBC (open database connectivity), 275

ODMG (Object Data Management Group), 275

ODMS (object database management system), 275

OMG (Object Management Group), 4-5, 275

OOAD. See object-oriented-analysis and design (OOAD)

OODB (object-oriented database), 275

OODBMS (object-oriented database management system), 275

Open database connectivity (ODBC), 275

Open source

development, 223-226

Web site resources, 227

operations, 275. See also methods

ORB (object request broker), 275

overriding attributes or methods, 23, 275

P

package symbol diagrams, UML, 103

packages, naming conventions, 45

Page-Jones, Meilir, 37

part-of, whole/part relationships, 20, 275

pattern description templates, Gang of Four, 191

patterns

behavioral, 193-195

creational, 192

observer, 195-198

structural, 192-193, 200

using, 191-195

persistence, of objects, 275

POA (portable object adapter), 276

polymorphism

animal hierarchy, 26

as basic principle of object orientation, 29

in class hierarchies, 25-27

defined, 25, 276

dynamic binding, 27

overview of, 12-13

portable object adapter (POA), 276

private access, classes, 31, 276

problem domain, defined, 78, 276

problem statement, defined, 276

program listings

abstract base class for shapes (Shape.java), 51-52

anonymous inner classes for listeners (Simple2.java), 116-118

borrowing borrowed implements association (LibraryBook.java), 56-57

controller subclass for JButton (WmvcTBButton.java), 135-136

controller subclass JCheckBoxMenuItem (WmvcChkMenuItemCt1.java), 134-135

controller subclass JMenuItem (WmvcMenuItemCt1.java), 133-134

the controller (WmvcController.java), 131-132

default package visibility (PackageVisibility.java.Foo.java), 47

demonstrates reference, shallow, deep copy (CardHand.java), 65-66

to distinguish shallow and deep copy (Card.java), 67

the executor (Command pattern) (WmvcExecutor.java), 136

extends person, vector borrowing (Reader.java), 57

first version of circle (Circle.java), 43-44

helper class for evaluation attribute (MovieEvaluation.java), 183-185

links to parts (Library.java), 56

main view subclass (MainView.java), 140-141

MainView for menu and tool bars (MainView.java), 168-172

model subclass (ThermometerModel.java), 139-140

movie class (Movie.java), 161-163

MovieCat main app class (MovieCat.java), 159-160

MovieEditor edit a movie (MovieEditor.java), 179-183

MovieItemView detail each movie (MovieItemView.java), 175-179

MovieListView implements browser (MovieListView.java), 173-175

MovieModel class (MovieModel.java), 163-168

named inner classes for listeners (Simple2.java), 119-120

no links (Page.java), 56

point class (Point.java), 41

reader reader and LibraryBook (Borrowing.java), 57

rectangle derived from Shape (Rectangle.java), 53-54

RGB color class (Color.java), 49

root class (Person.java), 57

to set up JFrame (code excerpt), 110-111

single listener (Simple1.java), 114-115

thermometer subclass (thermometer.java), 138-139

top level base class, Wmvc (WmvcApp.java), 127-129

vector page composition links (Book.java), 56

view subclass fahrenheit and celsius (TemperatureView.java), 141-142

Wmvc model base class (WmvcMode1.java), 130

WmvcView base class (WmvcView.java), 130-131

programming languages, list of, 3

programming resources, 259

programming tips

code never dies, 246-247

debugging, 250-251

do it yourself, 251

don't reinvent the wheel, 251

getting ideas, 251-252

importance of practice, 249

importance of style, 247-248

incremental approach, 249

knowing what you are doing, 248

testing, 249-250

use of objects, 249-250

use of tools, 249-250

value of a balanced life, 252

value of planning, 252

programming tools

editors, 253

importance of, 249-250

tested and latest, 253-254

programming work environment

40-hour week, 256

communicating with management, 258

cooperating with marketing, 256-257

flexibility, 255-256

keeping up to date, 257

physical environment, 255

policy making, 257

team approach, 256

team building at Reference Software, 258

protected access, classes, 32, 276

public access, classes, 31, 276

R

Rational Rose, 242-243

Rational Unified Process (RUP)

basic concepts, 215-217

defined, 276

large-scale projects, 214-215

overview of, 216

refactoring

categories of, 208-209

defined, 204

illustrations of, 209-210

overview of, 203-204

resources, 211

summary of, 205, 211

using, 204-205

Web site resources, 204

when indicated, 206

when not indicated, 207

reference copy, 64

reference, data elements, 17, 276

remote method invocation (RMI), 276

risk assessment, 78, 271

RMI (remote method invocation), 276

root classes, 23, 276

Rumbaugh, James, 214

RUP. See Rational Unified Process (RUP)

S

Scott, Kendall, 37

SCRUM, 227

selector, object state, 276

service. See method

servlet, Java modules, 277

setter method, 32, 277

shallow copy, 64

single inheritance, 24, 272

small-scale projects, 217-219

Smalltalk, 3

SoftModeler, 243

software

building, 98-100

code reviews and ownership, 99

project elements, 77-81

releasing, 100-101

software development methodologies

DSDM, 222-223

history of, 213-214

large-scale projects, basic concepts, 215-217

large-scale projects, overview, 214-215

large-scale projects, unified process (RUP), 215

open-source development, 223-226

resources, 226-227

small-scale projects, Agile Alliance, 217-219

small-scale projects, extreme programming, 219-222

summary, 226

software tools

ArgoUML, 241-242

CASE, 241-243

Concurrent Versions System (CVS), 240-241

editors, Emacs, 233-234

editors, overview, 231-232

editors, Vi, 234-235

GUIs vs. consoles, 230-231

IDEs, Forte, 239-240

IDEs, JBuilder,, 237-239

IDEs, VIDE, 236-237

IDEs, Visual Age, 240

Jikes, 244

JUnit, 244

MagicDraw, 242

mUML, 243

ObjectDomain, 243

overview of, 229

Rational Rose, 242-243

SoftModeler, 243

TogetherSoft, 243

specialization/generalization, 21, 22, 271

SQL (structured query language), 277

SQLJ (structured query language Java), 277

state

defined, 14, 277

diagrams, in UML, 102

expressed by attributes, 16

structured query language Java (SQLJ), 277

structured query language (SQL), 277

subclass, defined, 23, 277

superclass, defined, 23, 277

Swing

anonymous listener, 118

AWT and, 110

command events, 112-121

dialog window, 113

inner class listener, 120

introduction to, 109-112

MVC GUI framework (Wmvc), 125-137

options, 121

sequence in, 116

simple application (Thermometer), 137-142

T

temporary storage, in Java, 35

terminology

distributed computing, 263-264

Java-related, 264-265

other technical, 265-266

this (current object), 34, 277

TogetherSoft, 243

U

UML. See Unified Modeling Language (UML)

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

activity diagram, 102

aggregation, 18

associations, 17

class diagrams, 151

class notation, 17-18

collaboration, 101

deployment, 103

detail, 22, 92-93

diagrams, 80-81, 90-92, 101-103, 127, 142-143, 151

functions, 1

inheritance, 18

MovieCat design and, 158

MVC and, 138, 142-143

package symbol, 103

sequence diagrams, 90-91

standard specification of, 4-5

state, 101

use cases, 80

use cases

diagram, 81

Java, 146-148

UML, 80

V

variables, naming conventions, 46

verbs

in Java case study, 150-151

in object discovery, 83

Vi editor, 234-235

VIDE, 236-237

view

class, in MovieCat, 155-158

class, in UML, 18

VIM editor, 235

visibility

class attributes and methods, 30-32

defined, 31, 277

friend, 32

Java, 44-47

private, 31

protected, 32

public, 31

Visual Age for Java, 240

W

Web site resources

Adaptive Software Development, 227

Agile Alliance, 217-219

ArgoUML, 242

book, this, 229

Crystal, 227

CVS, 241

Cygwin, 231

Dynamic Systems Development Method, 222

Extreme Programming, 227

GNU Emacs, 234

GNU project, 227

JBuilder, 238

Jikes, 244

MagicDraw, 242

mUML, 243

Object Management Group, 4-5

ObjectDomain, 243

Open source, 227

Rational Rose, 242

refactoring, 204

SCRUM, 227

SoftModeler, 243

TogetherSoft, 243

VIM, 235

Visual Age for Java, 240

whole/part relationships, 20, 277

Wmvc

command patterns, 199-201

observer patterns, 198-199

X

XMI (XML metadata interchange), 277

XML, defined, 277

XML metadata interchange (XMI), 277

XP. See Extreme Programming (XP)

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