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Use better thinking to empower yourself, discover opportunities, avoid disastrous mistakes, build wealth, and achieve your biggest goals! This is your complete, up-to-the-minute blueprint for assessing and improving the way you think about everything – from business decisions to personal relationships. Drs. Richard W. Paul and Linda Elder, of the Center for Critical Thinking, offer specific guidance for making more intelligent decisions, and overcoming the irrationalities and "sociocentric" limits we all face. Discover which of the "six stages" of thinking you’re in and learn how to think with clarity, relevance, logic, accuracy, depth, significance, precision, breadth, and fairness. Master strategic thinking skills you can use everywhere and learn how to critically assess what experts tell you. Packed with new examples and exercises, this guide won’t just help you think more effectively: it will help you use those skills to empower yourself, discover new opportunities, avoid disastrous mistakes, and grow your wealth. Above all, it will help you gain the confidence and clarity you need to pursue and achieve your most important goals in life – whatever they are!
Preface xiv
Chapter 1: Thinking in a World of Accelerating Change and Intensifying Danger 1
Chapter 2: Becoming a Critic of Your Thinking 9
Chapter 3: Becoming a Fairminded Thinker 21
Chapter 4: Self-Understanding 51
Chapter 5: The First Four Stages of Development: What Level Thinker Are You? 63
Chapter 6: The Parts of Thinking 85
Chapter 7: The Standards for Thinking 127
Chapter 8: Design Your Life 167
Chapter 9: The Art of Making Intelligent Decisions 183
Chapter 10: Taking Charge of Your Irrational Tendencies 199
Chapter 11: Monitoring Your Sociocentric Tendencies 231
Chapter 12: Developing as an Ethical Reasoner 253
Chapter 13: Analyzing and Evaluating Thinking in Corporate and Organizational Life 283
Chapter 14: Strategic Thinking: Part One 311
Chapter 15: Strategic Thinking: Part Two 331
A Glossary of Critical Thinking Terms and Concepts 353
References 441
About the Authors 443
Index 445