Connecting Networks v6 Companion Guide

Description

• Copyright 2018
• Dimensions: 8" x 9-1/8"
• Pages: 512
• Edition: 1st

• eBook
• ISBN-10: 0-13-476088-3
• ISBN-13: 978-0-13-476088-9

Connecting Networks v6 Companion Guide is the official supplemental textbook for the Connecting Networks version 6 course in the Cisco Networking Academy CCNA Routing and Switching curriculum.

The Companion Guide is designed as a portable desk reference to use anytime, anywhere to reinforce the material from the course and organize your time.

The book’s features help you focus on important concepts to succeed in this course:

Chapter Objectives–Review core concepts by answering the focus questions listed at the beginning of each chapter.

Key Terms–Refer to the lists of networking vocabulary introduced and highlighted in context in each chapter.

Glossary–Consult the comprehensive Glossary with 347 terms.

Summary of Activities and Labs–Maximize your study time with this complete list of all associated practice exercises at the end of each chapter.

Check Your Understanding–Evaluate your readiness with the end-of-chapter questions that match the style of questions you see in the online course quizzes. The answer key explains each answer.

How To–Look for this icon to studythe steps you need to learn to perform certain tasks.

Interactive Activities–Reinforce your understanding of topics with dozens of exercises from the online course identified throughout the book with this icon.

Packet Tracer Activities–Explore and visualize networking concepts using Packet Tracer exercises interspersed throughout the chapters and provided in the accompanying Labs & Study Guide book.

Videos–Watch the videos embedded within the online course.

Hands-on Labs–Work through all the course labs and additional Class Activities that are included in the course and published in the separate Labs & Study Guide.

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Sample Content

Sample Pages

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Table of Contents

Introduction xix

Chapter 1 WAN Concepts 1

Objectives 1

Key Terms 1

Introduction (1.0) 3

WAN Technologies Overview (1.1) 3

    Purpose of WANs (1.1.1) 3

        Why a WAN? (1.1.1.1) 3

        Are WANs Necessary? (1.1.1.2) 4

        WAN Topologies (1.1.1.3) 5

        Evolving Networks (1.1.1.4) 8

        Small Office (1.1.1.5) 8

        Campus Network (1.1.1.6) 9

        Branch Networks (1.1.1.7) 10

        Distributed Network (1.1.1.8) 11

    WAN Operations (1.1.2) 13

        WANs in the OSI Model (1.1.2.1) 13

        Common WAN Terminology (1.1.2.2) 14

        WAN Devices (1.1.2.3) 16

        Circuit Switching (1.1.2.4) 17

        Packet Switching (1.1.2.5) 18

Selecting a WAN Technology (1.2) 20

    WAN Services (1.2.1) 20

        WAN Link Connection Options (1.2.1.1) 20

        Service Provider Network Infrastructure (1.2.1.2) 21

    Private WAN Infrastructures (1.2.2) 23

        Leased Lines (1.2.2.1) 23

        Dialup (1.2.2.2) 25

        ISDN (1.2.2.3) 26

        Frame Relay (1.2.2.4) 28

        ATM (1.2.2.5) 29

        Ethernet WAN (1.2.2.6) 30

        MPLS (1.2.2.7) 32

        VSAT (1.2.2.8) 32

    Public WAN Infrastructure (1.2.3) 33

        DSL (1.2.3.1) 34

        Cable (1.2.3.2) 35

        Wireless (1.2.3.3) 36

        3G/4G Cellular (1.2.3.4) 37

        VPN Technology (1.2.3.5) 38

    Selecting WAN Services (1.2.4) 39

        Choosing a WAN Link Connection (1.2.4.1) 40

        Choosing a WAN Link Connection (Cont.) (1.2.4.2) 41

Summary (1.3) 43

Practice 44

    Class Activities 44

    Labs 44

Check Your Understanding Questions 44

Chapter 2 Point-to-Point Connections 49

Objectives 49

Key Terms 49

Introduction (2.0) 51

Serial Point-to-Point Overview (2.1) 51

    Serial Communications (2.1.1) 52

        Serial and Parallel Ports (2.1.1.1) 52

        Point-to-Point Communication Links (2.1.1.2) 53

        Serial Bandwidth (2.1.1.3) 54

    HDLC Encapsulation (2.1.2) 56

        WAN Encapsulation Protocols (2.1.2.1) 56

        HDLC Encapsulation (2.1.2.2) 57

        Configuring HDLC Encapsulation (2.1.2.3) 58

        Troubleshooting a Serial Interface (2.1.2.4) 59

PPP Operation (2.2) 63

    Benefits of PPP (2.2.1) 63

        Introducing PPP (2.2.1.1) 64

        Advantages of PPP (2.2.1.2) 65

    LCP and NCP (2.2.2) 65

        PPP-Layered Architecture (2.2.2.1) 65

        PPP: Link Control Protocol (LCP) (2.2.2.2) 66

        PPP: Network Control Protocol (NCP) (2.2.2.3) 66

        PPP Frame Structure (2.2.2.4) 67

    PPP Sessions (2.2.3) 68

        Establishing a PPP Session (2.2.3.1) 68

        LCP Operation (2.2.3.2) 69

        PPP Configuration Options (2.2.3.3) 72

        NCP Explained (2.2.3.4) 72

PPP Implementation (2.3) 74

    Configure PPP (2.3.1) 74

        PPP Configuration Options (2.3.1.1) 74

        PPP Basic Configuration Command (2.3.1.2) 76

        PPP Compression Commands (2.3.1.3) 76

        PPP Link Quality Monitoring Command (2.3.1.4) 77

        PPP Multilink Commands (2.3.1.5) 78

        Verifying PPP Configuration (2.3.1.6) 81

    Configure PPP Authentication (2.3.2) 82

        PPP Authentication Protocols (2.3.2.1) 83

        Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) (2.3.2.2) 83

        Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) (2.3.2.3) 85

        PPP Authentication Command (2.3.2.4) 86

        Configuring PPP with Authentication (2.3.2.5) 87

Troubleshoot WAN Connectivity (2.4) 89

    Troubleshoot PPP (2.4.1) 89

        Troubleshooting PPP Serial Encapsulation (2.4.1.1) 90

        Debugging PPP (2.4.1.2) 91

        Troubleshooting a PPP Configuration with Authentication (2.4.1.3) 94

Summary 96

Practice 97

    Class Activities 97

    Labs 97

    Packet Tracer Activities 98

Check Your Understanding Questions 98

Chapter 3 Branch Connections 101

Objectives 101

Key Terms 101

Introduction (3.0) 103

Remote-Access Connections (3.1) 104

    Broadband Connections (3.1.1) 104

        What Is a Cable System? (3.1.1.1) 104

        Cable Components (3.1.1.2) 105

        What Is DSL? (3.1.1.3) 107

        DSL Connections (3.1.1.4) 107

        Wireless Connection (3.1.1.5) 109

    Select a Broadband Connection (3.1.2) 112

        Comparing Broadband Solutions (3.1.2.1) 112

PPPoE (3.2) 113

    PPPoE Overview (3.2.1) 113

        PPPoE Motivation (3.2.1.1) 113

        PPPoE Concepts (3.2.1.2) 114

    Implement PPPoE (3.2.2) 115

        PPPoE Configuration (3.2.2.1) 115

        PPPoE Verification (3.2.2.2) 116

        PPPoE Troubleshooting (3.2.2.3) 118

        PPPoE Negotiation (3.2.2.4) 118

        PPPoE Authentication (3.2.2.5) 119

        PPPoE MTU Size (3.2.2.6) 120

VPNs (3.3) 122

    Fundamentals of VPNs (3.3.1) 122

        Introducing VPNs (3.3.1.1) 123

        Benefits of VPNs (3.3.1.2) 124

    Types of VPNs (3.3.2) 125

        Site-to-Site VPNs (3.3.2.1) 125

        Remote-Access VPNs (3.3.2.2) 126

        DMVPN (3.3.2.3) 127

GRE (3.4) 128

    GRE Overview (3.4.1) 129

        GRE Introduction (3.4.1.1) 129

        GRE Characteristics (3.4.1.2) 130

    Implement GRE (3.4.2) 131

        Configure GRE (3.4.2.1) 131

        Verify GRE (3.4.2.2) 133

        Troubleshoot GRE (3.4.2.3) 134

eBGP (3.5) 136

    BGP Overview (3.5.1) 136

        IGP and EGP Routing Protocols (3.5.1.1) 137

        eBGP and iBGP (3.5.1.2) 138

    BGP Design Considerations (3.5.2) 139

        When to Use BGP (3.5.2.1) 139

        When Not to Use BGP (3.5.2.2) 140

        BGP Options (3.5.2.3) 140

    eBGP Branch Configuration (3.5.3) 142

        Steps to Configure eBGP (3.5.3.1) 142

        BGP Sample Configuration (3.5.3.2) 143

        Verify eBGP (3.5.3.3) 145

Summary (3.6) 148

Practice 149

Check Your Understanding Questions 150

Chapter 4 Access Control Lists 155

Objectives 155

Key Terms 155

Introduction (4.0.1.1) 156

Standard ACL Operation and Configuration Review (4.1) 156

    ACL Operation Overview (4.1.1) 156

        ACLs and the Wildcard Mask (4.1.1.1) 156

        Applying ACLs to an Interface (4.1.1.2) 158

        A TCP Conversation (4.1.1.3) 159

        ACL Packet Filtering (4.1.1.4) 160

    Types of IPv4 ACLs (4.1.2) 162

        Standard and Extended IPv4 ACLs (4.1.2.1) 162

        Numbered and Named ACLs (4.1.2.2) 163

        Where to Place ACLs (4.1.2.3) 163

        Standard ACL Placement Example (4.1.2.4) 165

        Extended ACL Placement Example (4.1.2.5) 166

    Standard IPv4 ACL Implementation (4.1.3) 167

        Configure a Standard IPv4 ACL (4.1.3.1) 167

        Apply a Standard IPv4 ACL (4.1.3.2) 169

        Standard Named IPv4 ACLs (4.1.3.3) 170

        Verify ACLs (4.1.3.4) 171

Extended IPv4 ACLs (4.2) 173

    Structure of an Extended IPv4 ACLs (4.2.1) 173

        Extended ACLs (4.2.1.1) 173

        Filtering Ports and Services (4.2.1.2) 173

    Configure Extended IPv4 ACLs (4.2.2) 175

        Configuring Extended ACLs (4.2.2.1) 175

        Applying Extended ACLs to Interfaces (4.2.2.2) 177

        Filtering Traffic with Extended ACLs (4.2.2.3) 178

        Creating Extended Named ACLs (4.2.2.4) 180

        Verifying Extended ACLs (4.2.2.5) 181

        Editing Extended ACLs (4.2.2.6) 182

IPv6 ACLs (4.3) 184

    IPv6 ACL Creation (4.3.1) 184

        Types of IPv6 ACLs (4.3.1.1) 184

        Comparing IPv4 and IPv6 ACLs (4.3.1.2) 185

    Configuring IPv6 ACLs (4.3.2) 186

        Configuring IPv6 Topology (4.3.2.1) 186

        Configuring IPv6 ACLs (4.3.2.2) 188

        Applying an IPv6 ACL to an Interface (4.3.2.3) 189

        IPv6 ACL Examples (4.3.2.4) 190

        Verifying IPv6 ACLs (4.3.2.5) 192

Troubleshoot ACLs (4.4) 194

    Processing Packets with ACLs (4.4.1) 194

        Inbound and Outbound ACL Logic (4.4.1.1) 194

        ACL Logic Operations (4.4.1.2) 195

        Standard ACL Decision Process (4.4.1.3) 196

        Extended ACL Decision Process (4.4.1.4) 197

    Common ACL Errors (4.4.2) 197

        Troubleshooting IPv4 ACLs: Example 1 (4.4.2.1) 197

        Troubleshooting IPv4 ACLs: Example 2 (4.4.2.2) 198

        Troubleshooting IPv4 ACLs: Example 3 (4.4.2.3) 199

        Troubleshooting IPv4 ACLs: Example 4 (4.4.2.4) 200

        Troubleshooting IPv4 ACLs: Example 5 (4.4.2.5) 200

        Troubleshooting IPv6 ACLs: Example 1 (4.4.2.6) 201

        Troubleshooting IPv6 ACLs: Example 2 (4.4.2.7) 203

        Troubleshooting IPv6 ACLs: Example 3 (4.4.2.8) 205

Summary (4.5) 208

Practice 209

Check Your Understanding Questions 210

Chapter 5 Network Security and Monitoring 215

Objectives 215

Key Terms 215

Introduction (5.0.1.1) 217

LAN Security (5.1) 217

    LAN Security Attacks (5.1.1) 218

        Common LAN Attacks (5.1.1.1) 218

        CDP Reconnaissance Attack (5.1.1.2) 219

        Telnet Attacks (5.1.1.3) 220

        MAC Address Table Flooding Attack (5.1.1.4) 222

        VLAN Attacks (5.1.1.5) 225

        DHCP Attacks (5.1.1.6) 226

    LAN Security Best Practices (5.1.2) 227

        Secure the LAN (5.1.2.1) 227

        Mitigate MAC Address Flooding Table Attacks (5.1.2.2) 228

        Mitigate VLAN Attacks (5.1.2.3) 229

        Mitigate DHCP Attacks (5.1.2.4) 230

        Secure Administrative Access Using AAA (5.1.2.5) 231

        Secure Device Access Using 802.1X (5.1.2.6) 233

SNMP (5.2) 234

    SNMP Operation (5.2.1) 234

        Introduction to SNMP (5.2.1.1) 235

        SNMP Operation (5.2.1.2) 236

        SNMP Agent Traps (5.2.1.3) 237

        SNMP Versions (5.2.1.4) 238

        Community Strings (5.2.1.5) 241

        Management Information Base Object ID (5.2.1.6) 243

        SNMPv3 (5.2.1.7) 246

    Configuring SNMP (5.2.2) 248

        Steps for Configuring SNMP (5.2.2.1) 248

        Verifying SNMP Configuration (5.2.2.2) 249

        SNMP Best Practices (5.2.2.3) 252

        Steps for Configuring SNMPv3 (5.2.2.4) 254

        Verifying SNMPv3 Configuration (5.2.2.5) 254

Cisco Switch Port Analyzer (5.3) 255

    SPAN Overview (5.3.1) 256

        Port Mirroring (5.3.1.1) 256

        Analyzing Suspicious Traffic (5.3.1.2) 257

        Local SPAN (5.3.1.3) 257

        Remote SPAN (5.3.1.4) 259

    SPAN Configuration (5.3.2) 260

        Configuring Local SPAN (5.3.2.1) 260

        Verifying Local SPAN (5.3.2.2) 261

    SPAN as a Troubleshooting Tool (5.3.3) 262

        Troubleshooting with SPAN Overview (5.3.3.1) 262

Summary (5.4) 264

Practice 264

Check Your Understanding Questions 265

Chapter 6 Quality of Service 269

Objectives 269

Key Terms 269

Introduction (6.0.1.1) 271

QoS Overview (6.1) 271

    Network Transmission Quality (6.1.1) 271

        Prioritizing Traffic (6.1.1.1) 271

        Bandwidth, Congestion, Delay, and Jitter (6.1.1.2) 272

        Packet Loss (6.1.1.3) 273

    Traffic Characteristics (6.1.2) 275

        Network Traffic Trends (6.1.2.1) 275

        Voice (6.1.2.2) 276

        Video (6.1.2.3) 276

        Data (6.1.2.4) 277

    Queueing Algorithms (6.1.3) 278

        Queuing Overview (6.1.3.1) 279

        First-In First-Out (FIFO) (6.1.3.2) 279

        Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) (6.1.3.3) 280

        Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ) (6.1.3.4) 281

        Low Latency Queuing (LLQ) (6.1.3.5) 282

QoS Mechanisms (6.2) 283

    QoS Models (6.2.1) 283

        Selecting an Appropriate QoS Policy Model (6.2.1.1) 283

        Best Effort (6.2.1.2) 284

        Integrated Services (6.2.1.3) 285

        Differentiated Services (6.2.1.4) 286

    QoS Implementation Techniques (6.2.2) 288

        Avoiding Packet Loss (6.2.2.1) 288

        QoS Tools (6.2.2.2) 289

        Classification and Marking (6.2.2.3) 290

        Marking at Layer 2 (6.2.2.4) 291

        Marking at Layer 3 (6.2.2.5) 292

        Trust Boundaries (6.2.2.6) 295

        Congestion Avoidance (6.2.2.7) 296

        Shaping and Policing (6.2.2.8) 297

Summary (6.3) 299

Practice 300

Check Your Understanding Questions 300

Chapter 7 Network Evolution 303

Objectives 303

Key Terms 303

Introduction (7.0.1.1) 305

Internet of Things (7.1) 305

    IoT Elements (7.1.1) 305

        What Is the IoT? (7.1.1.1) 305

        The Converged Network and Things (7.1.1.2) 305

        Challenges to Connecting Things (7.1.1.3) 306

        The Six Pillars of the Cisco IoT System (7.1.1.4) 307

    IoT Pillars (7.1.2) 307

        The Network Connectivity Pillar (7.1.2.1) 308

        The Fog Computing Pillar (7.1.2.2) 308

        The Security Pillar (7.1.2.3) 311

        Data Analytics Pillar (7.1.2.4) 312

        Management and Automation Pillar (7.1.2.5) 313

        Application Enablement Platform Pillar (7.1.2.6) 313

Cloud and Virtualization (7.2) 314

    Cloud Computing (7.2.1) 314

        Cloud Overview (7.2.1.2) 314

        Cloud Services (7.2.1.3) 315

        Cloud Models (7.2.1.4) 315

        Cloud Computing versus Data Center (7.2.1.5) 316

    Virtualization (7.2.2) 317

        Cloud Computing and Virtualization (7.2.2.1) 317

        Dedicated Servers (7.2.2.2) 318

        Server Virtualization (7.2.2.3) 319

        Advantages of Virtualization (7.2.2.4) 320

        Abstraction Layers (7.2.2.5) 321

        Type 2 Hypervisors (7.2.2.6) 321

    Virtual Network Infrastructure (7.2.3) 323

        Type 1 Hypervisors (7.2.3.1) 323

        Installing a VM on a Hypervisor (7.2.3.2) 324

        Network Virtualization (7.2.3.3) 324

Network Programming (7.3) 326

    Software-Defined Networking (7.3.1) 326

        Control Plane and Data Plane (7.3.1.1) 326

        Virtualizing the Network (7.3.1.2) 327

        SDN Architecture (7.3.1.3) 329

    Controllers (7.3.2) 331

        SDN Controller and Operations (7.3.2.1) 331

        Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure (7.3.2.2) 332

        Core Components of ACI (7.3.2.3) 332

        Spine-Leaf Topology (7.3.2.4) 333

        SDN Types (7.3.2.5) 334

        APIC-EM Features (7.3.2.6) 336

        APIC-EM ACL Analysis (7.3.2.7) 337

Summary (7.4) 340

Practice 341

Check Your Understanding Questions 341

Chapter 8 Network Troubleshooting 347

Objectives 347

Key Terms 347

Introduction (8.0.1.1) 349

Troubleshooting Methodology (8.1) 349

    Network Documentation (8.1.1) 349

        Documenting the Network (8.1.1.1) 349

        Network Topology Diagrams (8.1.1.2) 352

        Establishing a Network Baseline (8.1.1.3) 355

        Steps to Establish a Network Baseline (8.1.1.4) 355

        Measuring Data (8.1.1.5) 358

    Troubleshooting Process (8.1.2) 360

        General Troubleshooting Procedures (8.1.2.1) 360

        Gathering Symptoms (8.1.2.2) 362

        Questioning End Users (8.1.2.3) 364

    Isolating the Issue Using Layered Models (8.1.3) 365

        Using Layered Models for Troubleshooting (8.1.3.1) 365

        Troubleshooting Methods (8.1.3.2) 367

        Other Troubleshooting Methods (8.1.3.3) 370

        Guidelines for Selecting a Troubleshooting Method (8.1.3.4) 371

Troubleshooting Scenarios (8.2) 372

    Using IP SLA (8.2.1) 372

        IP SLA Concepts (8.2.1.1) 372

        IP SLA Configuration (8.2.1.2) 373

        Sample IP SLA Configuration (8.2.1.3) 375

        Verifying an IP SLA Configuration (8.2.1.4) 376

    Troubleshooting Tools (8.2.2) 377

        Software Troubleshooting Tools (8.2.2.1) 377

        Protocol Analyzers (8.2.2.2) 379

        Hardware Troubleshooting Tools (8.2.2.3) 380

        Using a Syslog Server for Troubleshooting (8.2.2.4) 385

    Symptoms and Causes of Network Troubleshooting (8.2.3) 387

        Physical Layer Troubleshooting (8.2.3.1) 387

        Data Link Layer Troubleshooting (8.2.3.2) 390

        Network Layer Troubleshooting (8.2.3.3) 392

        Transport Layer Troubleshooting: ACLs (8.2.3.4) 394

        Transport Layer Troubleshooting: NAT for IPv4 (8.2.3.5) 396

        Application Layer Troubleshooting (8.2.3.6) 397

    Troubleshooting IP Connectivity (8.2.4) 398

        Components of Troubleshooting End-to-End Connectivity (8.2.4.1) 398

        End-to-End Connectivity Problem Initiates Troubleshooting (8.2.4.2) 400

        Step 1: Verify the Physical Layer (8.2.4.3) 402

        Step 2: Check for Duplex Mismatches (8.2.4.4) 404

        Step 3: Verify Layer 2 and Layer 3 Addressing on the Local Network (8.2.4.5) 406

        Step 4: Verify Default Gateway (8.2.4.6) 411

        Step 5: Verify Correct Path (8.2.4.7) 415

        Step 6: Verify the Transport Layer (8.2.4.8) 418

        Step 7: Verify ACLs (8.2.4.9) 420

        Step 8: Verify DNS (8.2.4.10) 422

Summary (8.3) 425

Practice 426

Check Your Understanding Questions 427

Appendix A Answers to the “Check Your Understanding” Questions 431

Glossary 443

9781587134326    TOC    8/11/2017

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