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&>CompTIA A+ Exam Cram, Fourth Edition, is the perfect study guide to help you pass CompTIA’s newly-updated versions of the A+ exams. It provides coverage and practice questions for every exam topic. The book contains an extensive set of practice questions, including 200 printed questions in two full practice exams, while the CD-ROM test engine provides real-time practice and feedback with an additional 200 questions.
Covers the critical information you’ll need to know to score higher on your A+ exams!
CD Features 200 Practice Questions
A+ Exam Cram: Setting Up a Multiple Monitor Configuration in Windows Vista
A+ Exam Cram: Troubleshooting Memory and Hard Drives in Windows Vista
CompTIA A+ Exam Cram: Configuring Windows Vista for Hibernation and Sleep
CompTIA A+ Exam Cram: Using Windows Vista "Hidden" Programs
CompTIA A+ Exam Cram: Understanding and Testing Power Devices and Supplies
Download the sample pages (includes Chapter 5 and Index)
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Target Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
About the Latest CompTIA A+ Exams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
About This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Chapter Format and Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Additional Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
The Hands-On Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Goals for This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Exam Topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
CHAPTER 1:
Introduction to Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
The Six-Step A+ Troubleshooting Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Step 1: Identify the Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Step 2: Establish a Theory of Probable Cause (Question the Obvious). . . . 11
Step 3: Test the Theory to Determine the Cause . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Step 4: Establish a Plan of Action to Resolve the Problem
and Implement the Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Step 5: Verify Full System Functionality and if Applicable
Implement Preventative Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Step 6: Document Findings, Actions, and Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . 13
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Troubleshooting Examples and Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Troubleshooting Example 1: Display Issue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Troubleshooting Example 2: Power Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Some More Troubleshooting Tidbits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Additional Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
CHAPTER 2:
Motherboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Motherboard Components and Form Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Motherboard Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Form Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
The BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
BIOS, CMOS, and the Lithium Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
The POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Accessing and Configuring the BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Flashing the BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Installing and Troubleshooting Motherboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Installing Motherboards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Troubleshooting Motherboards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Additional Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
CHAPTER 3:
The CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
CPU 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
CPU Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Brands of CPUs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Installing and Troubleshooting CPUs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Installing CPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Troubleshooting CPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Additional Reading and Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
CHAPTER 4:
RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
RAM Basics and Types of RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
RAM Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Types of RAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
RAM Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Installing and Troubleshooting DRAM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Installing DRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Troubleshooting DRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Additional Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
CHAPTER 5:
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Understanding and Testing Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Testing an AC Outlet with a Receptacle Tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Testing an AC Outlet with a Multimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Power Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Power Strips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Surge Protectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Uninterruptible Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Power Supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Planning Which Power Supply to Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Installing the Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Troubleshooting Power Supply Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Heating and Cooling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Additional Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
CHAPTER 6:
Storage Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Magnetic Storage Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Hard Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Floppy Disk Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Tape Drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Optical Storage Media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Compact Disc (CD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Blu-Ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Solid-State Storage Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
USB Flash Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Secure Digital Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
CompactFlash Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Additional Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
CHAPTER 7:
Installing and Upgrading Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Installing and Upgrading to Windows Vista . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Windows Vista Versions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Windows Vista Minimum Requirements and Compatibility. . . . . 167
Windows Vista Installation Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Installing Windows Vista . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Upgrading to Windows Vista . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Verifying and Troubleshooting Windows Vista Installations . . . . 178
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Installing and Upgrading to Windows XP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Windows XP Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Windows XP Minimum Requirements and Compatibility. . . . . . 185
Windows XP Installation Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Installing Windows XP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Upgrading to Windows XP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Verifying and Troubleshooting Windows XP Installations. . . . . . 192
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Additional Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
CHAPTER 8:
Configuring Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Windows User Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Windows Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Windows Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Administrative Tools and the MMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Cram Quiz Answer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
System Tools and Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Managing Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Operating System Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
User Migrations and Customizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Advanced System Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Files, File Systems, and Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Working with Files and File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Managing Disks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Additional Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
CHAPTER 9:
Maintaining Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Updating Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Service Packs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Windows Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Maintaining Hard Disks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Hard Disk Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Using Windows XP’s NTBackup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Creating Restore Points. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
CHAPTER 10:
Troubleshooting Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Repair Environments and Boot Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Windows Repair Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Boot Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Windows Tools and Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Troubleshooting Within Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Stop Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Additional Windows Errors and Error Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Restoring Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
The Six-Step Troubleshooting Process Revisited. . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Command-Line Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Windows Command Prompt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Recovery Command Prompt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Additional Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
CHAPTER 11:
Laptops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Installing, Configuring, and Troubleshooting Visible Laptop
Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Laptop 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Input Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Optical Discs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Expansion Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Installing, Configuring, and Troubleshooting Internal Laptop
Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Hard Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
System Board and CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Cram Exam Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Additional Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
CHAPTER 12:
Video, Audio, and Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
The Video Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Video Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Video Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Video Settings and Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
The Audio Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Sound cards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Installing a Sound Card and Speakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Audio Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Input/Output, Input Devices, and Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
I/O Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Input Devices and Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Additional Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
CHAPTER 13:
Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Printer Types and Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Types of Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Local Versus Network Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Installing, Configuring, and Troubleshooting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Printer Installation and Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Configuring Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Troubleshooting Printers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Additional Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
CHAPTER 14:
Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Networking Fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Configuring IPv4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
IPv4 Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Analyzing and Configuring the Network Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Network Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Types of Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Common TCP/IP Protocols and Their Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Network Cabling and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Exam Cram Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Troubleshooting Network Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Command-Line Interface Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Troubleshooting with Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Installing and Configuring a SOHO Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Internet and Wireless Connectivity Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Setting Up a SOHO Router and Wireless Network Adapters . . . 434
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
Additional Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
CHAPTER 15:
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
Basics of Data Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Data Sensitivity and Security Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Usernames and Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Smart Cards and Biometrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Malicious Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
Types of Malware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
Preventing and Troubleshooting Malware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Exam Cram Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
File Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
Working with Files and Folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
Sharing Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Additional Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
CHAPTER 16:
Safety and Professionalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
Safety and Environmental Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
Electrical Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
ESD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
Physical Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
MSDS and Disposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
EMI and RFI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Professionalism and Communication Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
Cram Quiz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Cram Quiz Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
Additional Reading and Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
CHAPTER 17:
Taking the Real Exams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Getting Ready and the Exam Preparation Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Tips for Taking the Real Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
Beyond the CompTIA A+ Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Practice Exam 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Answers at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
Answers with Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Practice Exam 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Answers at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
Answers with Explanations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
CompTIA A+ Core 1 (220-1101) and Core 2 (220-1102) Video Collection
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Last Update: November 17, 2020