Cocoa® Programming for Mac® OS X

Description

• Copyright 2002
• Edition: 1st

• Book
• ISBN-10: 0-201-72683-1
• ISBN-13: 978-0-201-72683-1

The practical guide everyone says you need!

"The most comprehensive guide to developing Cocoa available. For the developer new to Cocoa, it provides an excellent introduction that will lead to success with the world's best object-oriented development tools. For those familiar with Cocoa, the excellent organization and presentation make the book invaluable as a reference tool."

--Bill Bumgarner, Cofounder, CodeFab

With the arrival of Mac OS X, Apple now has a modern operating system that calls for advanced programming capability. To take full advantage of the exciting and innovative features of OS X, Apple recommends a development framework known as Cocoa. Cocoa is a powerful collection of object-oriented tools and libraries that makes developing applications a much faster process. Mastery of Cocoa is absolutely essential for anyone doing serious development work for the Macintosh.

"Mac OS X and Cocoa are going to revolutionize the world of software development in the coming years... Aaron Hillegass's book is without a doubt the best aid to learning this technology."

--Erik J. Barzeski, Editor, CocoaDevCentral.com

New technologies often have a steep learning curve and do not always come with complete instructions on how to get started or how to overcome common obstacles. Enter Cocoa(R) Programming for Mac(R) OS X, which shows you precisely how to put Cocoa to work.

"Reading this book is the absolute best way to learn how to harness the power of this amazing technology."

--Andrew Stone, President, Stone Design, www.stone.com

Guiding programmers through the key features of Cocoa, this book emphasizes design patterns that enable you to predict the behavior of classes you have never used before. Using a tutorial format, it takes you, step-by-step, through five applications and an InterfaceBuilder palette. Each project introduces several new ideas, and as each concept or technique is discussed, the author, drawing on his own extensive experience, shows you the advantages of working with Cocoa in object-oriented software development environments.

0201726831B11262001

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Extras

Related Article

Controlling Both Ends of the Communications Channel: From Cocoa to Servlets

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Sample Content

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Cocoa® Programming for Mac® OS X: Custom Views

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgments.


1. Cocoa: What Is It?

A Little History.

Tools.

Objects, Classes, Methods, and Messages.

Frameworks.

How to Read this Book.

Typographical Conventions.

How to Learn.

2. Let's Get Started.

In Project Builder.

In Interface Builder.

Back in Project Builder.

Documentation.

What Have You Done?

3. Objective-C.

Creating and Using Instances.

Using Existing Classes.

Creating Your Own Classes.

The Debugger.

What Have You Done?

For the More Curious: How Does Messaging Work?

Challenge.

4. Controls.

Some Commonly Used Subclasses of NSControl.

Start the RaiseMan Example.

The Interface File for MyDocument.

Layout the Interface.

Implementing the Person Class.

Implementing the MyDocument Class.

What Have You Done?

For the More Curious: Setting the Target Programmatically.

Challenge.

5. Helper Objects.

NSTableView and Its Data Source.

MyDocument Interface File.

Layout the User Interface.

Make Connections.

Edit MyDocument.m.

Key-value Coding.

Delegates.

For the More Curious: How Delegates Work.

Challenge 1.

Challenge 2.

6. Archiving.

NSCoder and NSCoding.

The Document Architecture.

Saving and NSArchiver.

Loading and NSUnarchiver.

Informing the Document That It Has Been Edited.

Setting the Extension and Icon for the File Type.

For the More Curious: Preventing Infinite Loops.

For the More Curious: Versioning.

For the More Curious: Creating a Protocol.

7. Nib Files and NSWindowController.

NSPanel.

Adding a Panel to the Application.

For the More Curious: NSBundle.

Challenge 1.

Challenge 2.

8. User Defaults.

NSDictionary and NSMutableDictionary.

NSUserDefaults.

Creating Keys for the Names of the Defaults.

Registering Defaults.

Let the User Edit the Defaults.

Using the Defaults.

Saving the Frame of a Window.

For the More Curious: Reading and Writing Defaults from the Command-line.

Challenge.

9. Using Notifications.

What Notifications Are.

What Notifications Are Not.

NSNotification.

NSNotificationCenter.

Posting a Notification.

Registering as an Observer.

Unregistering the Observer.

Handling the Notification When It Arrives.

For the More Curious: Delegates and Notifications.

For the More Curious: The userInfo Dictionary.

Challenge.

10. Using Alert Panels.

Make the User Confirm the Delete.

Challenge.

11. Localization.

Localizing a Nib File.

String Tables.

For the More Curious: nibtool.

Challenge.

12. Custom Views.

The View Hierarchy.

Get a View to Draw Itself.

Drawing with NSBezierPath.

NSScrollView.

For the More Curious: Cells.

Challenge 1.

13. Images and Mouse Events.

NSResponder.

NSEvent.

Getting Mouse Events.

Using NSOpenPanel.

Composite an Image Onto Your View.

The View's Coordinate System.

Autoscrolling.

For the More Curious: NSImage.

Challenge.

14. Responders and Keyboard Events.

NSResponder.

NSEvent.

Create a New Project with a Custom View.

15. Working with Fonts and NSString.

NSFont.

NSAttributedString.

Drawing Strings and Attributed Strings.

Making Letters Appear.

Getting Your View to Generate PDF Data.

For the More Curious: NSFontManager.

Challenge 1.

Challenge 2.

16. Pasteboards and Nil-targeted actions.

NSPasteboard.

Add Cut, Copy, and Paste to BigLetterView.

Nil-targeted Actions.

For the More Curious: Which Object Really Sends the Action Message?

For the More Curious: Lazy Copying.

Challenge.

17. Categories.

Add a Method to NSString.

18. Drag and Drop.

Make BigLetterView a Drag Source.

Make a BigLetterView a Drag Destination.

Challenge.

19. NSTimer.

Layout the Interface.

Make Connections.

Adding Code to AppController.

Challenge.

20. Sheets.

Adding a Sheet.

For the More Curious: contextInfo.

For the More Curious: NSDrawer.

Challenge.

21. Creating NSFormatters.

A Basic Formatter.

The Delegate of the NSControl.

Checking Partial Strings.

The Control's Delegate and Partial Strings.

Formatters that Return Attributed Strings.

Challenge.

22. Printing.

Adding Printing to TypingTutor.

Dealing with Pagination.

Challenge.

23. Updating Menu_n.

Making a BigLetterView Uncopyable.

24. Working with NSTextView.

NSTextView.

Messages the Delegate Will Be Sent.

Build the Editor With Which This Book Was Written.

For the More Curious: The Field Editor.

25. Using Java with Cocoa.

Don't Use Java to Write Cocoa Applications.

If You Must Use Java to Write Cocoa Applications.

26. Creating Interface Builder Palettes.

Add NSCoding Methods to BigLetterView.

Create a Palette Project.

Edit the Nib File for Your Palette.

palette.table.

Build and Test.

FinishInstantiate.

Adding an Inspector.

For the More Curious: How to Palettize Objects That Are Not Views.

Challenge.

27. The End.


Index. 0201726831T10152001

Preface

With the arrival of Mac OS X, Apple recommends that all new applications be written using Cocoa. Cocoa is a powerful collection of tools and libraries that will make writing new programs a much faster process.

The increased speed does not, however, come for free. The new technologies have a steep learning curve, and Apple's documentation leaves much to be desired. This book will guide you through the ideas and techniques that separate the great Cocoa programmers from the wanna-bes.

This book is written for programmers who already know C++ or Java and are curious about Cocoa. The reader is not expected to have any experience with Mac programming. It is a hands-on book and assumes that the reader has access to Mac OS X and the developer tools.

0201726831P10152001

Index

Symbols

@.".." Construct, 48

%@ Token, 39, 44

A

Abstract classes, 122

acceptsFirstResponder, 224, 225

Accessor methods, 52, 59-61, 114

Action(s), 18, 19, 83-85

of buttons, 89

of controls, 73-74

nil-targeted, 251-54

responder chain to, 251, 252, 253

Action message, source of, 254

Active view, 223

addObject:, 34, 47, 71

addObjectsFromArray:, 47

addObserver:selector:name:object:, 169

Alert panels, 175-79

confirming deletion, 176-78

NSRunAlertPanel(), 175-76

allKeys, 157

alloc, 44

AppKit (ApplicationKit) framework, 6, 73

Apple Computer, 1, 2, 3

Application(s), 10

chronology of, 31, 32

defaults for, 160

document-based, 88

drawing, 205

main bundle of, 152-53

names of, 11

notifications between, 168

applicationShouldOpenUntitledFile:, 163

archivedDataWithRootObject:, 129

Archiving, 121-37

defined, 121

document architecture, 125-28

NSDocument, 125, 126-28

NSDocumentController, 125-26

NSWindowController, 125, 128

edited documents, recognizing, 130-31

file extensions, 131-34

infinite loop prevention in, 134-35

NSArchiver, 122, 128-29, 134-35

NSCoding and NSCoder, 122-25

NSUnarchiver, 122, 129-30, 134

parts of, 121-22

protocol creation, 136-37

versioning, 135-36

Arguments

from command line, 160

initializers with, 66-67

methods with, 34-35

Array(s)

memory management of, 42

of objects, 38-39

aSelector, 118

aString, 291

Attributed strings, 238-40

returned by formatter, 302

Attributes, dictionary of, 240

autorelease, 60

Autoreleased objects, 56-59

"Autorelease Old Value" setter method, 60

Autorelease pools, 38

autoscroll:, 220

Autoscrolling, 219-20

timer driven, 276-77

availableTypeFromArray:, 249

awakeFromNib, 29-30, 87, 298

init vs., 212-13

B

Background color, 164-65

becomeFirstResponder, 224, 225

beginSheet:modalForWindow:modalDelegate:
didEndSelector:contextInfo:, 279

beginSheetForDirectory:file:modalForWindow:
modalDelegate:didEndSelector:
contextInfo:,*215

Berners-Lee, Tim, 3

Blank window, 15

BOOL, 26

boolForKey:, 159

Breakpoints, 67-69

BSD Unix, 1

Building applications, 28-29

Bundle(s), 152-53

palettes as, 350

Bundle project, 10

Button(s). See also NSControl

attributed strings in, 239

radio, 78

target and action of, 89

C

C, 33

strings in, 39

C++, 2-3, 33

method implementation in, 27

calendarDate, 61-62

Calendar format string, tokens in, 64

Categories, 257-60

defined, 257

for NSString, 257-60

Cells, 201-4

Centering text, 16-17

changeColor:, 162

changeNewEmptyDoc:, 162

char*, NSString vs., 39

characters, 226

"Check Before Change" setter method, 60

Chronology of an application, 31, 32

Class(es), 4-5, 35-40. See also specific classes

abstract, 122

in AppKit Foundation, 6-7

archiving names of, 121

creating, 49-67

declaration of

in Java, 24-25

in Objective-C, 25, 27

groups of, 100

naming conventions for, 7, 18, 43

notification sent by, 167

Classes, 24

Class method, 62

Class structure, 71

Cleaning projects, 133

clickCount, 207

Cocoa, 1-8

frameworks in, 5-6

history of, 1-3

object-oriented concepts in, 4-5

resources on, 369-70

tools for, 3-4

Color, background, 164-65

Color objects, 302-3

dictionary of, 294

colorSpaceName, 303

colorUsingColorSpaceName:, 303

Color well, 152

com.apple.cocoa.foundation.
NSGregorianDate,*347

Command line, defaults from, 160, 165-66

Compiling, 29

Composition, 48-49

concludeDragOperation:, 264

Conditional encoding, 134-35

Console, 68

Constants in Objective-C, 26

containsObject:, 46

Content view, 189

contextInfo parameter, 286-87

Context-sensitive menu, 329-37

Control(s), 73-102

NSControl, 74-79, 201

ancestors of, 74

delegate of, 299-300, 339

subclasses of, 73, 75-79

RaiseMan application, 79-101

formatter for, 87-88

interface file for MyDocument, 81-83

interface layout, 83-84

MyDocument class implementation, 96-99

Person class implementation, 94-96

setting target programmatically, 101

target and action of, 73-74

control:didFailToFormatString:
errorDescription:, 299

Control-dragging, 22, 90

Controller classes, 100

Copeland Project, 3

Copying

lazy, 254-55

with pasteboard, 249-51

count, 46, 157

Cox, Brad, 33

currentRect, 219

Custom views, 189-204, 226-36

cells and, 201-4

code for, 232-36

connections, 230-32

creating, 191-97

drawRect:, 194-97

instance of new subclass, 193-94

interface layout, 229, 231

nib file for, 226-28

NSBezierPath, 196, 197-99

NSScrollView, 199-201

NSView, 189, 201

size info, 194, 230

Cutting with pasteboard, 249-51

D

Darwin source code, 2

dataForType:, 249

dataRepresentationOfType:, 126-27, 129

dataSource, 105-6, 109, 110

dataWithPDFInsideRect:, 243

dateByAddingYears:months:days:hours:minutes:
seconds:, 62

dateWithYear:month:day:hour:minute:second:
timeZone:, 62

dayOfCommonEra, 63

dayOfMonth, 63

dayOfWeek, 63

dayOfYear, 63

dealloc, 44-45, 53, 172

image released with, 216

Debugger (gdb), 4, 67-70

declareTypes:owner:, 248

decodeObject, 124

decodeValueOfObjCType:at:, 124

defaultCenter, 169

Defaults

from command line, 160, 165-66

precedence of different types of, 160

registering, 158, 161

setting, 158, 159

user, 155-66

creating keys for names of, 160-61

editing, 161-62

NSUserDefaults, 155, 158-60

preferences panel with, 158, 161-65

reading and using, 158

saving frame of window, 165

using, 163-65

Delegate(s), 115-19

creating, 163

implementation errors, 117

notifications and, 173

of NSControl, 299-300, 339

of NSTextView, 323-24

objects with, 117-18

operation of, 118-19

partial strings and, 301

retention of, 118

delegate, nil-targeted action and, 252

deltaX, 207

deltaY, 207

deltaZ, 207

descender, 238

description, 44, 55-64

accessor methods, 59-61

autoreleased objects, 56-59

NSCalendarDate, 61-67

overriding, 56

Designated initializer, 67, 125

dictionary, 158

Dictionary, 155, 157

of attributes, 240

of color objects, 294

userInfo, 173-74

didEnd:returnCode:contextInfo:, 243

Directory

MacOS/, 134

project, 9, 11

Resources/, 134

dissolveToPoint:fraction:, 216

DocBook, 324, 332

Document(s). See also Archiving

architecture of, 125-28

NSDocument, 125, 126-28

Document(s), continued

NSDocumentController, 125-26

NSWindowController, 125, 128

recognizing edited, 130-31

untitled, suppressing creation of, 163-64

Documentation, 30, 31

online, 369

Document-based applications, 88

Document type definition (DTD), 324

Document window, 17-18

class browser in, 18

Drag-and-drop, 261-68

destination of, 264-68

highlighting for, 265

implementing methods, 266-67

registerForDraggedTypes:, 264-65

source of, 261-64

to table view, 268

draggingEntered:, 264

draggingExited:, 264

Dragging pasteboard, 261

draggingSourceOperationMaskForLocal:, 262

draggingUpdated:, 264

dragImage:at:offset:event:pasteboard:source:
slideBack:, 262

drawAtPoint:, 240

drawAtPoint:withAttributes:, 240

Drawers, 287-89

Drawing application, 205

Drawing strings, 240

drawInRect:, 240

drawInRect:withAttributes:, 240

drawRect:, 194-97, 216, 219, 243

adding highlighting to, 265

DTD (document type definition), 324

E

Edited documents, recognizing, 130-31

Editor, 324-39

context-sensitive menu, 329-37

field editor, 337-39

reading, writing, and editing text files, 324-29

@encode compiler directive, 123

encodeConditionalObject:, 134

encodeObject:, 123

encodeValueOfObjCType:at:, 123

encodeWithCoder:, 122, 123, 124, 350, 367

Encoding, conditional, 134-35. See also Archiving

endSpeedWindow:, 286

Enumerators (iterators, enumerations), 157

Equality, idea of, 45

errorPtr, 291

Event(s)

keyboard, 223

in custom view, 232-36

NSEvent, 226

mouse, 205-7, 217-19

getting, 207

modifier keys and, 206

NSEvent, 205-7, 226

NSResponder, 205

Event-handling methods, 205

Extensions, file, 131-34

F

Field editor, 337-39

File extensions, 131-34

File type, icon for, 131-34

File wrapper, 126

fileWrapperRepresentationOfType:, 127

finishInstantiate, 357, 367

First Responder, 17-18

menu updates and, 315, 316

firstResponder, 223-24

nil-targeted action and, 252

First-responder status, 232

flagsChanged:, 225

floatForKey:, 159

float type, 114

floatValue, 77

Fonts, 237-45

making letters appear, 241-43

NSAttributedString, 238-40

drawing with, 240

NSFont, 237-38

NSFontManager, 245

fontWithName:size:, 237-38

Foreign language, localizing for, 179-85

Formatter, 87-88, 291. See also NSFormatter

attributed strings returned by, 302

interface file for, 293-94

nib file for, 294

NSColorList, 294

number, 107-8

partial strings, 300-301

for RaiseMan application, 87-88

connections for, 88-93

main menu, 94

searching strings for substrings, 295-96

Foundation classes, 100

Foundation framework, 6

Foundation tool, 35-40

Framework project, 10

Frameworks, 2, 5-6

AppKit, 6, 73

Free Software Foundation, 67

G

generalPasteboard, 248

getObjectValue:forString:errorDescription:, 291

"get" prefix, 60-61

Getter methods, 60-61

Global defaults, 160

Global variables, 160-61

for standard pasteboards, 248-49

GNU C compiler (gcc), 4

GNU debugger (gdb), 4, 67-70

Graph of objects, 121

H

handleColorChange:, 172

Header file (interface file), 19

Helper objects, 103-20. See also Delegate(s)

hidesOnDeactivate (boolean variable), 140

hourOfDay, 63

I

IBAction, 26, 28

IBOutlet macro, 26

.icns file, 131

Icon for file type, 131-34

identifier instance variable, 108

Id pointer, 26

Images, 205-21

locating and dimensioning, 217-19

NSImage, 220

NSOpenPanel, 207-8

on view, 215-17, 219-20

Immutability, 46

Implementation file, 19

import, 27, 160

indexOfObject:, 46

Info.plist, 125-26, 134

Info panel, 16, 86. See also Inspectors

Inheritance, 48-49

init, 34, 44, 67, 172

awakeFromNib vs., 212-13

initialFirstResponder, 92, 93

initialize, 136

Initializer(s), 64-67

with arguments, 66-67

designated, 67, 125

initWithCoder:, 122, 124-25, 350, 367

initWithEntryDate:, 67

initWithFormat:, 48

initWithFrame:, 198, 212, 309, 311, 350

initWithRect:, 264

insertObject:, 47

Inspectors, 16

for palettes, 349-50, 358-65

code for, 361-65

nib files for, 359-61

role of, 364

Instances, 5

creating and using, 33-35

Instance variables, 4-5, 18

accessor methods for, 59-61

archiving of, 121

declaration of, 26-27

naming convention for, 19

integerForKey:, 159

Intelligence community, 3

@Interface, 27

Interface Builder, 3, 4, 13

palettes in. See Palettes

Interface file (header file), 19

"IOU" on pasteboard, 254-55

isa instance variable, 71

isARepeat, 226

isEqual:, 45

Iterators, 157

J

Java, 4, 341-48

class declaration in, 24-25

interface construct, 122

messages to nil in, 42

method implementation in, 27

RandomApp application in, 342-48

connections, 344-46

documentation, 348

interface layout, 342-43

Java, continued

subclassing Cocoa classes in, 347-48

java.util.date, 347

Java Bridge, 341

Jobs, Steve, 1

K

Keyboard events, 223

in custom view, 232-36

NSEvent, 226

keyCode, 226

keyDown, 224

keyEnumerator, 157

keyUp:, 225

Key-value coding, 113-15

Key views, 230

Key window, 223

L

Language defaults, 160

lastObject, 46

laterDate:, 63

Lazy copying, 254-55

length, 48

Library of code, 5

Literals, 7

loadDataRepresentation:ofType:, 127, 129-30

loadFileWrapperRepresentation:ofType:, 127

Loading documents, 127-30

Localization, 153, 179-87

for foreign language, 179-85

of nib file, 180-81, 185-86

nibtool, 185-86

NSBundle, 179

string tables and, 182-85

creating, 182-85

using, 185

Local variables, 53

locationInWindow, 206

Locks focus, 196

Loop

infinite, 134-35

main event, 31

LotteryEntry (custom class), 49-67

dealloc method, 53

description, 55-64

accessor methods, 59-61

autoreleased objects, 56-59

NSCalendarDate, 61-67

overriding, 56

header file for, 49-52

implementation file for, 52-53

initializers, 64-67

main.m, 59

M

Mach microkernel, 1

MacOS/ directory, 134

Mac OS X, 2, 3, 305

Mailing lists, Cocoa-related, 370

main, 37

main.m of a foundation tool, 36-38

Main bundle of application, 152-53

Main event loop, 31

MainMenu.nib, 13, 88, 94, 139

Main window, 252

Memory leak, 42, 56

Menu(s)

context-sensitive, 329-37

updating, 315-19

nil-targeted actions and, 315

in Typing Tutor application, 316-19

validateMenuItem and, 315

menuForEvent:, 337

Message(s), 4-5

action, source of, 254

in awakeFromNib vs. init, 212-13

to freed object, 43

to nil, 42-43

messageFontOfSize:, 237

Messaging, 71-72

Method(s), 4-5, 18. See also specific methods

with arguments, 34-35

class, 62

event-handling, 205

getter, 60-61

implementation of, 27-28

naming conventions for, 7, 19

for NSArray, 46

for NSMutableArray, 47

for NSObject, 43-45

for NSString, 47-48

with return values, 35

setter, 59-60

Microkernel approach, 1

minuteOfHour, 63

Modal operation, 176

Model, 100

Model-View-Controller design pattern,
100-101,*125

modifierFlags, 206, 226

Modifier keys with mouse events, 206

Modularity, 140

monthOfYear, 63

mouseDown:, 205, 262

mouseDragged:, 205, 218, 220, 262

mouseEntered:, 205

Mouse events, 205-7, 217-19

getting, 207

modifier keys and, 206

NSEvent, 205-7

NSResponder, 205

mouseExited:, 205

mouseMoved:, 205

mouseUp:, 205, 218

MyDocument.nib, 88, 139

N

name, 168

NeXT Computer, Inc., 1

nextKeyView, 92, 93

nextResponder instance variable, 251

NeXT Software, Inc., 1, 2

NeXTSTEP, 1, 3

Nib file(s), 12-13, 16, 29, 139-54

connections in, 90-92

creating, 146

for custom views, 226-28

for document-based applications, 88

File's Owner placeholder in, 147-48

for formatter, 294

invisible objects in, 17

localization of, 180-81, 185-86

objects in, 349

for palettes, 350, 354

inspectors, 359-61

nibtool, 185-86

nil

initialization failure and, 65

messages to, 42-43

in NSArray, 46

nil pointer, 26

Nil-targeted actions, 251-54

responder chain to, 251, 252, 253

updating menus and, 315

Notifications, 167-74

between applications, 168

classes sending, 167

defined, 167-68

delegates and, 173

handling, 172-73

NSNotification, 168

NSNotificationCenter, 167, 168-70

objects attached to, 168

posting, 170-71

registering for, 169-72

unregistering observer for, 172

userInfo dictionary and, 173-74

NSApp (global variable), 31

NSApplication, 18, 254

nil-targeted action and, 252

sheets created using, 279-80

NSApplicationMain, 12, 31

NSArchiver, 122, 128-29. See also Archiving

infinite loop issue and, 134-35

NSArray, 45-46, 332

enumerators created by, 157

methods used on, 46

nil in, 46

NSAttributedString, 238-40, 302

drawing with, 240

NSAutoreleasePool, 38, 56-57

NSBezierPath, 196, 197-99

NSBox, 189

NSBrowser, 105

NSBundle, 72, 152-53, 179

NSButton, 73, 75-76, 201-3

target and selector of, 269

NSButtonCell, 202, 203

NSCalendarDate, 29, 61-64, 79, 291

NSClipView, 200

NSCoder, 122-25, 134

as abstract class, 122-25

versioning methods, 135-36

NSCoding, 122-25, 350-52

NSColor, 303

NSColorList, 294

NSColorWell, 73, 203

NSControl, 74-79, 201

ancestors of, 74

delegate of, 299-300, 339

subclasses of, 73, 75-79

NSControl, continued

NSButton, 73, 75-76, 201-3, 269

NSSlider, 73, 77, 203

NSTextField, 78-79, 203

NSData, 126-27, 128-29, 322

NSDateFormatter, 79, 291, 292, 347

NSDecimalNumber, 114

NSDictionary, 155, 156, 157, 332

NSDistributedNotificationCenter, 168

NSDocument, 125, 126-28, 309

nil-targeted action and, 252

NSDocumentController, 125-26

nil-targeted action and, 252

NSDraggingInfo, 266

NSDrawer, 287-89

NSEvent, 205-7, 226

NSFileWrapper, 127

NSFont, 237-38

NSFontManager, 245

NSFormatter, 291-303

methods of, 291-92

subclass of, 296-99

NSImage, 196, 220

NSImageRep, 220

NSLayoutManager, 321

NSLog, 39

NSMakeRange(), 238

NSMatrix, 202, 203

NSMutableArray, 33-34, 35, 47, 48

methods used on, 47

NSMutableAttributedString, 238, 321

NSMutableDictionary, 155, 156, 158

NSMutableString, 46

NSNotification, 168

NSNotificationCenter, 167, 168-70

NSNumber, 38

immutability of, 46

NSNumberFormatter, 87, 291

NSObject, 18, 43-45, 71, 74, 118

designated initializer for, 67

methods used on, 43-45

NSOpenPanel, 207-8

NSPanel, 139-40

"NS" prefix, 43

NSPrintInfo, 309

NSProgressIndicator, 269, 271

NSRange, 238, 295

NSResponder, 74, 205, 224-25

nil-targeted actions and, 251

NSRunAlertPanel(), 175-76

NSScrollView, 109, 190, 199-201

NSSecureTextField, 79

NSSlider, 73, 77, 203

NSSliderCell, 203

NSSplitView, 190

NSString, 47-48, 240, 332

adding method to, 257-60

autoreleased objects in, 57

char* vs., 39

immutability of, 46

methods used on, 47-48

NSTableView

dataSource helper object, 104-6

methods used on, 116-17

NSTableViewColumn, 108

NSTabView, 190

NSText, 321

NSTextContainer, 321

NSTextField, 78-79, 203

NSTextFieldCell, 203

NSTextStorage, 321

NSTextView, 73, 78, 321-39

delegate of, 323-24

editor built using, 324-39

context-sensitive menu, 329-37

field editor, 337-39

reading, writing, and editing text files, 324-29

methods for, 322-23

NSTimer, 269-77

NSUnarchiver, 122, 129-30, 134

NSUserDefaults, 155, 158-60

NSView, 74, 189, 201, 264, 350

PDF data generation with, 243

NSWindow, 15, 189

NSWindowController, 125, 128, 139-54, 165.
See also Preferences panel

nib file loaded by, 151

nil-targeted action and, 252

Number formatter, 107-8

numberOfRowsInTableView:, 104

O

objc_msgSend(), 72

Object(s), 4-5

object, 168

Object(s)

archiving of. See Archiving

arrays of, 38-39

attached to notifications, 168

autoreleased, 56-59

color, 302-3

with delegates, 117-18

destroying, 34

graph of, 121

helper, 103-20. See also Delegate(s)

initializing, 34

message to freed, 43

in nib file, 349

observer, 167

poster, 167

retain count of, 40-42

temporary, 57-59

objectAtIndex, 46

objectEnumerator, 157

objectForKey:, 155, 157, 159

Objective-C, 2-3, 4, 33-72

classes, 35-40. See also specific classes

creating, 49-67

declaration of, 25, 27

"inherits from" vs. "uses" vs. "knows about" in, 48-49

instances, 33-35

memory management, 40-42

messages to nil, 42-43

messaging in, 71-72

protocol construct, 122

types and constants in, 26

variable declaration in, 43

Object-oriented concepts, 4-5

Object-Oriented Programming and the Objective-C Language, 4

objectValue, 79

Observer, registering and unregistering, 171-72

Observer objects, 167

ok:, 360

Old-school plist, 332

Online documentation, 369

openPanelDidEnd:returnCode:contextInfo:, 215

OpenStep, 2, 3

Outlets, 18, 19, 83-85

P

Pagination, printing and, 307-13

Palettes, 349-68

archive/unarchive ability of, 349, 350

building and testing, 356-57

as bundle, 350

creating project, 352-53

finishInstantiate message, 357

inspectors for, 349-50, 358-65

code for, 361-65

nib files for, 359-61

role of, 364

nib files for, 350, 354, 359-61

NSCoding methods for, 350-52

of objects that are not views, 365-67

palette.table, 354-56

standard, 15

Palette window, 15

Panel(s)

alert, 175-79

confirming deletion, 176-78

NSRunAlertPanel(), 175-76

creating, 148

preferences. See Preferences panel

windows vs., 139-40

Pasteboard(s), 247-51

cut, copy, and paste using, 249-51

dragging, 261

"IOU" on, 254-55

lazy copying to, 254-55

NSPasteboard, 247, 248-49

types of, 247-49

pasteboard:provideDataForType:, 255

Pasteboard server, 247

pasteboardWithName:, 248

PDF (Portable Document Format), 2

generated in view, 243-45

performClose:, 251-52

performDragOperation:, 264

Plist (property list), 332-36

Pointer(s), 5

accessor methods for, 59-60

declaring, 266-67

id, 26

nil, 26

to object's class, 71

setting by control-dragging objects, 23

Poster objects, 167

postNotification:, 170

postNotificationName:object:, 170

Preferences panel, 139-54

Preferences panel, continued

AppController code, 145

editing MainMenu.nib, 140-42

implementation file for, 151-52

menu item setup, 142-44

PreferenceController, 140, 142

Preferences.nib file, 145-50

with user defaults, 158, 161-65

user interface layout, 148-50

Prefixes

"get," 60-61

for global variables, 161

"NS," 43

prepareForDragOperation:, 264

pressure, 207

print:, 305-6

printDocument:, 309

printf, 39

printInfo, 309

Printing, 305-13

pagination and, 307-13

in RaiseMan application, 307-13

in Typing Tutor application, 305-6

"Print-object" ("po"), 68

printShowingPrintPanel:, 305, 309

Project(s)

cleaning, 133

skeleton of, 11-12

types of, 9-10

Project Builder, 3, 4, 9

incremental builds by, 133

Project directory, 9, 11

Property list (plist), 332-36

Protocols, 122

creation of, 136-37

R

Radio buttons, 78

RaiseMan application, 79-101

formatter for, 87-88

connections for, 88-93

main menu, 94

helper objects in, 103-20

connections, 109-11

delegates, 115-19

editing MyDocument.m, 111-13

key-value coding, 113-15

MyDocument as dataSource, 105-6, 109, 110

user interface layout, 106-9

interface file for MyDocument, 81-83

interface layout, 83-84

MyDocument class implementation, 96-99

Person class implementation, 94-96

preferences panel for, 139-54

AppController code, 145

editing MainMenu.nib, 140-42

implementation file for, 151-52

menu item setup, 142-44

PreferenceController, 140, 142

Preferences.nib file, 145-50

user interface layout, 148-50

printing in, 307-13

setting target programmatically, 101

Random number generator application, 9-32

building and running, 28-29

class creation, 18-21

connecting objects, 21-24

editing header file, 26-27

editing implementation file, 27-28

instance creation, 21

interface layout, 16-17

Java in, 342-48

connections, 344-46

documentation, 348

interface layout, 342-43

main function, 12-13, 14

naming, 11

new project creation, 9-12

readFromFile:ofType:, 127

registerDefaults:, 159

Registered defaults, 160

registerForDraggedTypes:, 264-65

Registering defaults, 158, 161

Registering for notifications, 169-72

release, 34, 40-42, 44

rules concerning, 57

removeAllObjects, 47

removeObject:, 47

removeObjectAtIndex:, 47

removeObjectForKey:, 158, 159

removeObserver:, 170

replaceCharactersInRange:withRTF:, 322

replaceCharactersInRange:withRTFD:, 322

replaceCharactersInRange:withString:, 322

resignFirstResponder, 224, 225

Resources/ directory, 134

Resources on Cocoa, 369-70

Responder chain, 251, 252, 253

Responders

firstResponder, 223-24, 252

NSEvent, 205-7, 226

NSResponder, 74, 205, 224-25, 251

respondsToSelector:, 118-19

retain, 40-42, 45

"Retain, Then Release" setter method, 59-60

Retain counts, 40-42, 118

Retain cycles, 118

Reuse, 100-101

revert:, 360

rightMouseDown:, 205

rightMouseDragged:, 205

rightMouseUp:, 205

RTFDFromRange:, 322

RTFD (Rich Text Format with attachments), 321

RTFFromRange:, 322

RTF (Rich Text Format), 321

Running applications, 28-29

S

Saving

documents, 126-29

frame of window, 165

Scrollable radio button, 78

ScrollRangeToVisible:, 323

Scroll view, 109, 190

scrollWheel:, 205

Scroll wheel, position of, 207

Sculley, John, 1

Searching strings for substrings, 295-96

Securities analysts, 3

selectedRange, 322

Selectors, 34-35, 71

Selector table, 72

self (local variable), 53

SEL type, 71

sendAction:to:from:, 254

Serialization, 121

setAction:, 101

setBool:forKey:, 159

setCalendarFormat:, 63

setData:forType:, 249

setEnabled:, 76

setFloat:forKey:, 159

setFloatValue:, 77

SetFont:range:, 323

setInteger:forKey:, 159

setNeedsDisplay:, 196

setNeedsDisplayInRect:, 196-97

setObject:forKey:, 158, 159

setObjectValue:, 79

setSelectedRange:, 322

setState:, 76

setString:, 322

setString:forType:, 249

setStringValue:, 79

Setter methods, 59-60

SetTextColor:range:, 323

Setting defaults, 158, 159

setVersion:, 136

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