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Cisco IOS XR Fundamentals
- By Mobeen Tahir, Mark Ghattas, Dawit Birhanu, Syed Natif Nawaz
- Published May 26, 2009 by Cisco Press. Part of the Fundamentals series.
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Description
- Copyright 2009
- Pages: 512
- Edition: 1st
- eBook
- ISBN-10: 1-58714-006-3
- ISBN-13: 978-1-58714-006-8
Cisco IOS XR Fundamentals is a systematic, authoritative guide to configuring routers with Cisco IOS® XR, the next-generation flagship Cisco® Internet operating system.
In this book, a team of Cisco experts brings together quick, authoritative, and example-rich reference information for all the commands most frequently used to configure and troubleshoot Cisco IOS XR-based routers in both service provider and enterprise environments.
The authors walk you through the details of the Cisco IOS XR architecture and explain commands in the new Cisco IOS XR CLI wherever required. They present concise explanations of service provider requirements and internetwork theory, backed by proven sample configurations for IOS XR services, MPLS, multicast, system management, system security, routing, and interfaces.
Cisco IOS XR Fundamentals is an indispensable resource for designing, implementing, troubleshooting, administering, or selling networks containing Cisco IOS XR–supported routers. This is the only Cisco IOS XR book that:
- Clearly explains how Cisco IOS XR meets the emerging requirements of both current and future networks
- Gives network professionals extensive information for simplifying migration and taking full advantage of Cisco IOS XR’s new power
- Presents detailed, tested configuration examples that network professionals can apply in their own networks
- Walks through using new Cisco IOS XR features and the In-Service Software Upgrade (ISSU) process to minimize downtime and cost
Mobeen Tahir, CCIE® No. 12643 (R&S, SP), is a Cisco network consulting engineer with more than a decade of experience in designing and deploying service provider networks. He currently works for the WWSP practice team, which provides consulting services to Cisco NGN customers.
Mark Ghattas, CCIE No. 19706 (Service Provider), is a solution architect at Cisco and has been in the networking industry for more than 15 years. He focuses on IOS XR–based platforms for service providers and currently manages the World Wide Service Provider Practice team in Advanced Services.
Dawit Birhanu, CCIE No. 5602, is a technical leader at Cisco. He assists global service providers in deploying new NGN products and technologies. He specializes in IOS XR–based platforms, QoS, MPLS, and BGP.
Syed Natif Nawaz, CCIE No. 8825 (R&S, SP), has more than 10 years' experience in providing networking design, deployment, and escalation assistance to service provider customers. He is currently the IOS XE software development manager at Cisco, where he works on customer-focused software qualification, certification, and deployment; feature integration; release processes; and other software quality initiatives.
- Use Cisco IOS XR to deliver superior scalability, availability, security, and service flexibility
- Understand the Cisco IOS XR distributed, modular architecture
- Design, implement, and troubleshoot networks containing Cisco IOS XR–supported routers
- Configure Cisco IOS XR routing, including RIP, IS-IS, OSPF, and EIGRP
- Learn BGP implementation details specific to Cisco IOS XR and using RPL to influence policies
- Manage IP addresses and Cisco IOS XR services
- Secure Cisco IOS XR using standard and extended ACLs, prefix lists, and uRPF
- Master all facets of MPLS configuration, including LDP, L3VPN, and TE
- Configure PIM, IGMP, and static RP multicast
- Optimize networks using advanced Cisco IOS XR features, including secure domain routers
- Learn building blocks of Multishelf, and understand configurations and migration techniques
This book is part of the Cisco Press® Fundamentals Series. Books in this series introduce networking professionals to new networking technologies, covering network topologies, sample deployment concepts, protocols, and management techniques.
Category: Networking: Routing and Switching
Covers: Cisco IOS XR
Sample Content
Table of Contents
Foreword
Introduction
Chapter 1 Introducing Cisco IOS XR
Evolution of Networking
Requirements for Carrier-Grade NOS
Convergence
Scalability
Availability
Hardware Redundancy
Failure Recovery and Microkernel-Based NOS
Process Restartability
Failure Detection
Software Upgrades and Patching
Security
Service Flexibility
Operating System Concepts
Basic Functions of an Operating System
Process Scheduling
Interrupt Handling
Memory Management
Synchronization
Interprocess Communication
Dynamic Link Library
Portable Operating System Interface
High-Level Overview of Cisco IOS XR
Cisco IOS XR Platforms
Cisco CRS-1 Carrier Routing System
Cisco XR 12000 Series
Cisco ASR 9000 Series
Chapter 2 Cisco IOS XR Infrastructure
Cisco IOS XR Kernel
Threads
Scheduling Algorithms
Synchronization Services
Cisco IOS XR System Manager
Process Attributes
System Manager and Process Lifecycle
CLI for Sysmgr and Processes
Interprocess Communication
Characteristics of IPC Mechanisms
Synchronous Versus Asynchronous
Intra-node Versus Inter-node
Connection-Oriented Versus Rendezvous
Point-to-Point Versus Point-to-Multipoint
Light Weight Messaging
Group Service Protocol
Atomic Descriptor Ring
Qnet
Distributed Services
GSP
Bulk Content Downloader
Process Placement
Cisco IOS XR System Database
High Availability Architecture
Forwarding Path
Chapter 3 Installing Cisco IOS XR
Introduction to Cisco IOS XR Packages
Image Naming Conventions
Cisco IOS XR Bootable Files, PIEs, and SMUs
Composite Bootable Files
Composite Upgrade PIE
Optional PIEs
Software Maintenance Upgrade
Install System Overview
Preparing to Install Cisco IOS XR
TURBOBOOT
Setting the TURBOBOOT ROMMON Variable
Booting the .vm File from ROMMON
Verifying the Software Installation
Installing Packages
TURBOBOOT Considerations for the c12000 Platform
Booting the Standby RP
Upgrading to a Major Cisco IOS XR Version Using mini.pie
Install Rollback
Removing Inactive Packages
Performing an Install Audit
Disk Backup and Recovery
Creating a Backup Disk with Golden Disk
Disk Mirroring
Creating a Disk Partition
Turning On Disk Mirroring
Install Health Checks
Verifying MD5 Signature of a PIE or an SMU
Anticipating Disk Space Usage
Testing a PIE or SMU Installation
Verifying the config-register
Clearing Configuration Inconsistency
Chapter 4 Configuration Management
Understanding Distributed Configuration Management
Control Plane Configuration Management
Data Plane Configuration Management
Understanding Configuration Planes
Admin Plane
Shared Plane
Local Plane
Components of Configuration Management
Configuration Manager
Configuration File System
Role of SysDB in Configuration Management
Replicated Data Service File System
Understanding the Two-Stage Commit Model
Building the Target Configuration
Commit Operation
Commit Confirmed Option
Commit Failures
Configuration Failures During Startup
Configuration Features in Cisco IOS XR
Deleting Physical Interface
Configuration Navigation
Default Running Configuration Behavior
Troubleshooting Configuration Inconsistencies
Configuration Session Lock
Avoiding a Commit Operation and Clearing the Target Configurations
Option 1: Unlock the Configuration Session
Option 2: Use the clear Command
Option 3: Use the abort Command
Option 4: Use the end or exit Commands
Configuration Management During Hardware and Software Change Events
Configuration Management During Online Insertion and Removal Events
Case 1: Insert or Remove a Node
Case 2: Replace the Node with a Different Node
Case 3: Replace the Node with a Higher Density Node
Case 4: Replace the Node with a Lower Density Node
Configuration Management During Package Activation and Deactivation
Interface Preconfiguration
Configuration Template
Configuration Management During Router Startup
Configuration Rollback
Chapter 5 Cisco IOS XR Monitoring and Operations
Using SNMP
Configuring SNMP
Cisco IOS XR Syslog
SNMP in the Context of a VRF
Logging Destination
Local Archiving of Logging Messages
Embedded Event Manager
EEM Event Detectors and Events Processing
Timer Services Event Detector
Syslog Event Detector
None Event Detector
Watchdog System Monitor Event Detector
Distributed Event Detectors
Registering and Using Onboard EEM Policies
User-Defined EEM Policy
EEM Reliability Metrics
Monitoring Processes
WDSYSMON
Monitoring Memory
Using the show system verify Command
Operations and Monitoring Best Practices
Chapter 6 Cisco IOS XR Security
Secure Operating System
Securing Access to the Router
Admin Plane
SDR Plane
User Groups and Task Groups
User Group and Task Group Inheritance
External AAA
Configuring a TACACS+ Server
Authentication Using RADIUS
Configuring Secure Shell
Management Plane Protection
Securing the Forwarding Plane
Access Control Lists
Unicast RPF
Local Packet Transport Service
Mechanics Behind LPTS: A High-Level Overview
Configuring LPTS
Chapter 7 Routing IGP
Routing Information Protocol
Understanding RIP Fundamentals
RIP Versions
Configuring RIP in Cisco IOS XR
Configuring Route Policy Language
Configuring Passive Interface
Restarting, Shutting Down, and Blocking RIP
Verifying and Troubleshooting RIP
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
Understanding EIGRP Fundamentals
Neighbor Discovery/Recovery
Reliable Transport Protocol
Diffusing Update Algorithm
Protocol-Dependent Modules
Configuring EIGRP in Cisco IOS XR
Configuring Routing Policy
Configuring Router ID
Configuring and Verifying NSF
Verifying EIGRP Process Status
Verifying and Troubleshooting EIGRP
Open Shortest Path First
Understanding OSPF Fundamentals
Configuring OSPF in Cisco IOS XR
Configuring and Verifying OSPFv2
Hierarchical CLI and Inheritance
Configuring OSPFv2 Authentication
Verifying NSF Configuration and Standby RP Status
Configuring and Verifying Nonstop Routing
Configuring and Verifying Multiarea Adjacencies
Configuring and Verifying Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
Configuring OSPF Timers
Configuring and Verifying OSPFv3
Intermediate System to Intermediate System
Understanding IS-IS Fundamentals
Configuring IS-IS in Cisco IOS XR
Verifying the Single Topology Model
Configuring and Verifying the Multitopology Model
Configuring and Verifying Interface States
Configuring IS-IS NSF and IS-IS Timers
Configuring and Verifying BFD in IS-IS
Configuring and Verifying IP Fast Reroute
Configuring and Verifying Authentication in IOS XR IS-IS
Chapter 8 Implementing BGP in Cisco IOS XR
Cisco IOS XR BGP Architectural Overview
Cisco IOS XR BGP Hierarchical Configuration
Address Family Configuration Mode
Configuration Groups
Implementing BGP Policies
Routing Policy Language
Prefix Set
AS-path Set
Community Set
Routing Policies
Hierarchical Policies and Parameterization
BGP Policy Accounting
BGP Remotely Triggered Black Hole
BGP Graceful Restart
BGP Distributed Speaker
Cisco IOS XR BGP Convergence
Chapter 9 Cisco IOS XR MPLS Architecture
Understanding Cisco IOS XR MPLS Architecture Fundamentals
TTL Processing
Cisco IOS XR MPLS Load Balancing
Label Distribution Protocol
LDP Basic Configuration
LDP Parameters
LDP Label Control
LDP-IGP Sync and LDP Session Protection
MPLS Traffic Engineering
Cisco IOS XR Peer-to-Peer L3VPN
Virtual Routing Forwarding Tables
MP-iBGP Between PE Routers
Routing Between CE and PE
Static Routing for CE-PE
eBGP as CE-PE Protocol
OSPF as CE-PE Protocol
RIP as CE-PE Protocol
L2VPN
Virtual Private Wire Service
VPWS Configuration in IOS XR
Pseudo Wire Redundancy
Virtual Private VLAN Service
Chapter 10 Cisco IOS XR Multicast
Understanding Multicast Routing Fundamentals
Internet Group Management Protocol
IGMPv2
IGMPv3
Protocol Independent Multicast
Understanding Cisco IOS XR Multicast
Understanding Cisco IOS XR PIM Sparse Mode
Understanding PIM Source Specific Multicast on IOS XR
Configuring Cisco IOS XR Multicast
Enabling Multicast Routing
Configuring IGMP
Configuring PIM
Configuring Static RP
Auto-RP
BSR
PIM SSM Configuration
Monitoring and Troubleshooting Cisco IOS XR Multicast
Debugging Multicast on the CRS Router’s Ingress Path
Debugging Multicast in Router’s Fabric and Egress Path
Debugging an RPF Failure Using a Line Card MFIB Command
Chapter 11 Secure Domain Router
Owner and Non-Owner SDR
Understanding SDR Privileges
Creating a Secure Domain Router
DRP
Configuring a Secure Domain Router
Creating a Named Secure Domain Router
Assigning Resources to a Named SDR
Logging In to a Newly Named SDR
Process Placement
Chapter 12 Understanding CRS-1 Multishelf
Multishelf Overview
Line Card Chassis
Fabric Card Chassis
Switch Fabric Cards
Fabric Data Path
High Availability
Multishelf Fabric Interconnect
Fabric Planes
SEA Links
Fabric Backpressure
Optical Array Cables
Recommended Practices and Considerations
Single Module Fabric Configuration
Multimodule Configuration
Multishelf Control Ethernet
Multishelf Configuration
Viewing the Configuration
Line Card Chassis to Multishelf Preparation
Troubleshooting Multishelf Fabric Planes
Troubleshooting Fabric Links
Appendix A ROMMON and Configuration Register Settings
Appendix B Multishelf 2+1 Array Cable Mapping
Appendix C Switch Fabric Down Flags
9781587052712 TOC 5/19/2009