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This text emphasizes the key role of user feedback and involvement in formulating a business model and evolving a system architecture. The text also provides readers with a variety of approaches to system development. It gives practical advice on the conduct of interviews at a variety of stages, along with effective presentation techniques. This highly practical book covers the basic techniques of interviewing clients and describes and illustrates different approaches to the various stages of their system development cycle.
Foreword
Preface
1. Introduction
Objectives of Interviewing * The Interview Process * Major Deliverables
* Key Factors * Context for Interviewing * How to Use This Book
2. A Simple Example
The Interview Situation * The Scene * How the Interview may Affect the
Project * Summary
3. Basic Interviewing
Introduction * Planning * Conducting the Interview * Consolidation *
Summary
4. Getting the Feel for Interviewing
Introduction * Four Key Skills * Acquiring New Skills
5. Interview Preparation
Introduction * A Typical Project * Briefing Meeting * Aims and
Objectives * Planning * Preparing for an Interview * Summary Checklist
6. Conducting a Business Interview
Introduction * SCENE I * SCENE II * SCENE III * Critique * Problem
Handling * Consolidation
7. Note-taking
The Note-taker's Role * Skills * Techniques * Summary * Practical
Exercise
8. Using the Interview Material
Introduction * The Consolidation and Review Process * Key Outcomes *
Record Keeping * A Note on Planning * Summary * A Practice Exercise
9. Advanced Techniques
Introduction * Non-verbal Communication * Matching Conversational Style
* Verbal Matching *Practical Exercises * Summary
10. Special Interview Management
Introduction * Workshops * Feedback Sessions * Knowledge Elicitation *
Summary
11. Interviewing in a Business system Life Cycle
Introduction * Strategy-Early Days * Analysis/Design-Course of Action
Chosen * Implementation-Making the Changes Work * Interview Summary
References and Further Reading
Appendix A. The Story of a Project
Appendix B. Strategic Data Sources
Appendix C. Brief Overview of Related Techniques
Appendix D. Checklists for Interviewing
Glossary of Terms
Index
In our consultancy role, we find that interviews play a major part in the information gathering for any project. We have learned that the activity is a valuable opportunity for discovering many layers of information. Where we once looked on it as a data collection activity, now we consider it one that can provide real knowledge and understanding of the individuals we are interviewing.
We enjoy interviewing and have become more and more fascinated with the whole process of communication. We find ourselves interviewing in varied industries, countries and cultures. In such situations, we are looking at how we can best create an environment for a free interchange of ideas and be able to interpret accurately the information we gather. The last part is the most difficult. Semantics and differing sets of assumptions blur our view of what we have heard. Throughout any interview, we are trying to put aside our own preconceptions and listen with an open mind. It is not easy. The task is made easier, however, by having a set of techniques in hand for interviewing.
The mechanics of an interview are just that, mechanisms for smoothing a process. Once the interview process can be carried out with less effort, we can devote our time and attention to the real issues that are being discussed. That is why we are focusing in this book on the techniques for interviewing-on how to interview-with the goal of helping you have more time to concentrate on the real part of the interview-on what is actually being said.
Over the years we have come to value the practical techniques we have discovered which enable us to get below the surface in an interview to really understand the perspective of the interviewee. We believe that Information Technology practitioners in particular have an opportunity to improve their knowledge and understanding of what the needs of their business are and thus to dramatically improve the role they play in their business. Good interviewing techniques become an important asset.
The understanding we gain from an interview brings with it another challenge. We must often take information from one interview and combine it with results from several other interviews in order to build a picture or models, about our understanding. At this point, clarifying meaning becomes especially critical. It is the dilemma of converging various points of view that brings us closest to the real issue in an interview-understanding what is being said. We have been developing techniques to help us with that task and want to share them with others.
A book develops slowly. Several years ago Linda wrote some practical guidelines for interviewing. We used feedback from practitioners to expand the guidelines, which in turn formed the starting point for this book. We hope that this book will help to answer more questions and lead to rewarding and successful interviews.
To all - new and experienced alike - good luck.
Others also contributed along the way. Sue Ladbrook daily helps keep Linda's schedule manageable in countless ways, and among associates who read carefully and encouraged more interview materials were RenEe Taylor and Jeremy Davis. Countless colleagues in projects in may countries over the years have contributed to our understanding of interviewing.
Finally, a big thank you to our understanding families who have enthusiastically supported the idea of the book.
Linda Hickman and Cliff Longman
November 1994
0201593726P04062001