XML Reference Guide

Mar 14, 2003

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Validating an XML file is normally a matter of creating a setting on the particular parser being used to read the XML document that makes it a validating parser, and, in most cases, creating functionality to deal with any errors that exist in the document.

For example, a Java application might parse the orders file in the previous example like so:

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import java.io.File;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;

public class ValidateFile {

   public static void main (String args[]) {
      File docFile = new File("orders.xml");
      Document doc = null;

      try {

         DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
         dbf.setValidating(true);
         
         DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
         db.setErrorHandler(new ErrorProcessor());

         doc = db.parse(docFile);
     
         //Work with the new document
         //...

      } catch (Exception e) {
         System.out.println("Problem parsing the file: "+e.getMessage());
      }
   }

}

First the application sets the parser to be validating. (In the case of the Java 2 SDK, for which this application is written, the DocumentBuilderFactory is set to create a validating parser, the DocumentBuilder.) The application then tells the parser which class should handle any errors. In this case, the ErrorHandler class is a SAX error handler, even though the parser is a DOM parser. (Remember, many DOM parsers actually use SAX behind the scenes.)

A complete SAX application might accomplish the same task like so:

import org.xml.sax.helpers.XMLReaderFactory;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.xml.sax.XMLFilter;

public class MainSaxApp {

    public static void main (String[] args){
    
       try {
       
          String parserClass = "org.apache.crimson.parser.XMLReaderImpl";
          XMLReader reader = XMLReaderFactory.createXMLReader(parserClass);

          reader.setContentHandler(new DataProcessor());

          reader.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/validation", true);
          reader.setErrorHandler(new ErrorProcessor());

          InputSource file = new InputSource("orders.xml");
          reader.parse(file);

       } catch (IOException ioe) {
          System.out.println("IO Exception: "+ioe.getMessage());
       } catch (SAXException se) {
          System.out.println("SAX Exception: "+se.getMessage());
       }     
    }

}

Different languages accomplish the same task different ways, but the concept is the same: establish a validating parser, parse the file, and deal with the errors.

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