XML Reference Guide

Mar 14, 2003

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Conceptually, namespaces have existed in programming for a long time. For example, if two programmers both have a method called getName(), there will be a conflict if both are in the same namespace.

In XML, we can define a namespace and provide it with an alias that we can use to identify elements and attributes that are part of that namespace. For example, consider the following document:

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head><title>Namespaces in XML</title></head>
<body>
<h1>SVG Demonstration</h1>

  <svgraf:svg width="500" height="300" xmlns:svgraf="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">

   <svgraf:line x1="20" y1="-20" x2="0" y2="-35"/>
   <svgraf:line x1="20" y1="-10" x2="0" y2="-20"/>

  </svgraf:svg>

</body>
</html>

The elements without a prefix are part of the XHTML namespace, http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml. The elements prefixed with svgraf: are part of the SVG namespace, http://www.w3.org/2000/svg. A namespace-aware browser understands that it needs to treat each differently.

In fact, in XML, a namespace often serves as a sort of version number for an application. For example, the XSLT style sheet shown here:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-xsl">
  <!-- Templates snipped -->
  ...
</xsl:stylesheet>

uses an older, working-draft version of the XSLT specification, so early versions of MSXML (and subsequently, the versions of Internet Explorer that used them) can transform the document appropriately. On the other hand, another transformation engine that doesn't support the working draft specification knows immediately that it can't process the document. This style sheet uses the final recommendation, so both the current version of MSXML and other transformation engines can interpret it properly:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
  <!-- Templates snipped -->
  ...
</xsl:stylesheet>

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