XML Reference Guide

Mar 14, 2003

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Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) are a way to represent graphics using instructions in the form of XML elements and attributes. For example, an SVG document might contain the following instruction:

<circle cx="0" cy="-55" r="10" fill="pink"
     stroke="pink"/>

This tells the application to display a circle with the center at the point 0,-55 and a radius of 10. It should have a pink outline and be filled with pink.

Of course, this is just a very simple example. Detailed paths can also be specified, including lines and curves:

<path d="M0,0 S25,10 50,50 L150,200 S175,250 300,200" fill="none"
    stroke="brown" stroke-width="8" />

This creates a "ski slope" type of curve.

SVG doesn't stop there, though. It also enables you to create animations easily, using just commands such as these:

<animateMotion path="M0,0 S25,10 50,50 L150,200 S175,250
         300,200 L500,100" dur="5s" rotate="auto" />

For example, we could put this all together into a simple animation of a skier taking a jump, as in the following figure.

Figure An SVG document can show not only graphics, but animation.

Before we move on to the SVG file itself, if you don't see the skier moving, you don't have an SVG viewer installed for your browser. (You can get one from Adobe at http://www.adobe.com/svg/viewer/install/main.html.) When we put the SVG image on the page, we used an object, which allows us to specify "fallback" content:

<object type="image/svg+xml" data="svg/skier.svg" width="500" height="300">
  <img src="svg/skier.gif" alt="Static version of SVG image" />
</object>

If the browser supports the MIME-type image/svg+xml, the SVG will be displayed. If not, it will display the img file.

The SVG file itself is a plain XML file:

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/svg10.dtd">

<svg width="500" height="300" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">

  <!-- Ski slope and sky -->
  <rect x="0" y="0" width="498" height="300" fill="blue"
                         stroke="blue" />
  <path d="M0,0 S25,10 50,50 L150,200 S175,250 300,200"
          fill="none" stroke="brown" stroke-width="8" />
  <path d="M0,0 S25,10 50,50 L150,200 S175,250 300,200 L300,300
                     L0,300 Z" fill="white"/>

  <!-- Group of elements -->
  <g stroke-width="5" stroke="red">

   <!-- Skier -->
   <line x1="20" y1="-20" x2="0" y2="-35"/>
   <line x1="20" y1="-10" x2="0" y2="-20"/>
   <line x1="20" y1="-10" x2="0" y2="0"/>
   <line x1="0" y1="-20" x2="0" y2="-55"/>
   <circle cx="0" cy="-55" r="10" fill="pink" stroke="pink"/>

   <!-- Ski and pole -->
   <line x1="20" y1="-20" x2="-20" y2="-35" stroke-width="2"
                          stroke="black"/>
   <line x1="-15" y1="-25" x2="-10" y2="-40" stroke-width="2"
                          stroke="black"/>
   <path d="M-10,0 L30,0 S50,0 45,-10" fill="none" stroke="green"
                        stroke-width="2" />

   <!-- Animation -->
   <animateMotion dur="5s" rotate="auto"
      path="M0,0 S25,10 50,50 L150,200 S175,250 300,200
                            L500,100" />
  </g>
</svg>

First we define the outer bounds of the image in order to fill the entire sky with blue.
We create the ski slope and a similarly shaped object that we can then fill with white to make the snow.
We create a group, using the g element.
Within that group, we create a number of shapes, to which we can then add animation using the animateMotion element.

There are good reasons for using SVG, aside from enabling the artistically challenged (like yours truly) to create artwork much more graphically complicated than what's shown here. For one thing, it's possible to create a beautiful page that includes intense graphical treatment for text—without making the text inaccessible to, say, text-only browsers.

Perhaps most powerfully, however, SVG enables a developer to dynamically create graphics based on a database, user input, or other interactive sources.

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