XML Reference Guide

Mar 14, 2003

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At this point I've talked about general WordProcessingML documents, as well as styling and creating lists, so I'm going to give you one more bit of formatting text using WordML before we move on to something else. We're going to talk about tables.

In WordML, as in HTML, a table is just a collection of rows, each of which has one or more "cells". Viewed as a whole, the cells make up columns. As a developer (or an author, I suppose) you have the option to combine (or as we call it in HTML, "span") cells. In Word, this is called merging.

But before we get that far, let's look at the basic table itself. We can go ahead and add a table to the document we've been using:

...
<w:tbl>
    <w:tr>
        <w:tc>

            <w:p></w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
                 <w:r>
                     <w:t>WordML</w:t>

                 </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
                 <w:r>

                     <w:t>HTML</w:t>
                 </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
    </w:tr>

    <w:tr>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
                 <w:r>
                     <w:t>Table Caption</w:t>

                 </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
                 <w:r>

                     <w:t></w:t>
                 </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>

                 <w:r>
                     <w:t>X</w:t>
                 </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>

    </w:tr>
...
</w:tbl>

</w:body>
</w:wordDocument>

Notice the structure. We have a tbl element to denote the actual table. A tr element represents each table row, with each table cell represented by a tc element. Within each table cell, content looks just like it does elsewhere in the document; a paragraph contains a run of text. You can see the results in Figure 1:

You can style the actual text the same way you'd style it outside the document:

...
    <w:tr>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p></w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>

              <w:pPr>
                 <w:jc w:val="center"/>
              </w:pPr>
              <w:r>
                 <w:rPr>
                     <w:b/>

                 </w:rPr>
                 <w:t>WordML</w:t>
              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>

        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
              <w:pPr>
                 <w:jc w:val="center"/>
              </w:pPr>
              <w:r>

                 <w:rPr>
                     <w:b/>
                 </w:rPr>
                 <w:t>HTML</w:t>
              </w:r>

            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
    </w:tr>
    <w:tr>
...

As you can see in Figure 2, you can't quite tell that the text is centered, because the table's too small.

To remedy that problem, we can set the width of the table using the tblW element:

...
<w:tbl>
    <w:tblPr>
        <w:tblW w:w="7200" w:type="dxa"/>

        <w:jc w:val="center"/>
    </w:tblPr>
    <w:tr>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p></w:p>
        </w:tc>

...

In this case, we're setting a property for the table itself, so we set it in the tblPr element. We're setting the value in "twips", or twentieths of a point. In other words, 1/1440th of an inch. The type, in this case, represents the units, and dxa represents twips. You can see the results in Figure 3:

We can also set properties on individual rows or cells. For example, we can set the height of the first row:

...
<w:tbl>
    <w:tblPr>
        <w:tblW w:w="7200" w:type="dxa"/>
        <w:jc w:val="center"/>
    </w:tblPr>
    <w:tr>

        <w:trPr>
           <w:trHeight w:val="620"/>
        </w:trPr>
        <w:tc>
           <w:p></w:p>
        </w:tc>

...

You can see the results in Figure 4:

As in HTML, we can also combine tables vertically or horizontally, but unlike in HTML, the affected cells are not actually moved, but rather hidden. Consider, for example, this basic table:

<w:tbl>
    <w:tblPr>
       <w:tblW w:w="3600" w:type="dxa"/>

    </w:tblPr>
    <w:tr>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>1</w:t>

              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>

                 <w:t>2</w:t>
              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>

            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>3</w:t>
              </w:r>
            </w:p>

        </w:tc>
    </w:tr>
    <w:tr>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>

                 <w:t>4</w:t>
              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>

            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>5</w:t>
              </w:r>
            </w:p>

        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>6</w:t>

              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
    </w:tr>
    <w:tr>
        <w:tc>

            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>7</w:t>
              </w:r>
            </w:p>

        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>8</w:t>

              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>

                 <w:t>9</w:t>
              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
    </w:tr>

</w:tbl>

It's a simple grid of numbers, as you can see in Figure 5:

In order to "merge" cells, we can do a horizontal merge, or a vertical merge. Let's start with a horizontal merge:

<w:tbl>
    <w:tblPr>
       <w:tblW w:w="3600" w:type="dxa"/>

    </w:tblPr>
    <w:tr>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>1</w:t>

              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:tcPr>
               <w:hmerge w:val="restart"/>

            </w:tcPr>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>2</w:t>
              </w:r>

            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:tcPr>
               <w:hmerge/>
            </w:tcPr>

            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>3</w:t>
              </w:r>
            </w:p>

        </w:tc>
    </w:tr>
...

In this case, we're starting the merge in cell number 2, as indicated by the val="restart" attribute. Each cell that's part of this merge (in this case, cell number 3) includes the hmerge element. When Word displays the table, the cells are merged, but you'll notice that the content of cell number 3 is missing from the display, as you can see in Figure 6:

The same thing happens with a vertical merge:

<w:tbl>
    <w:tblPr>
       <w:tblW w:w="3600" w:type="dxa"/>
    </w:tblPr>

    <w:tr>
        <w:tc>
            <w:tcPr>
               <w:vmerge w:val="restart"/>
            </w:tcPr>
            <w:p>

              <w:r>
                 <w:t>1</w:t>
              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>

        <w:tc>
            <w:tcPr>
               <w:hmerge w:val="restart"/>
            </w:tcPr>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>

                 <w:t>2</w:t>
              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>

            <w:tcPr>
               <w:hmerge/>
            </w:tcPr>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>3</w:t>

              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
    </w:tr>
    <w:tr>
        <w:tc>

            <w:tcPr>
               <w:vmerge/>
            </w:tcPr>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>4</w:t>

              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>

                 <w:t>5</w:t>
              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>

            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>6</w:t>
              </w:r>
            </w:p>

        </w:tc>
    </w:tr>
    <w:tr>
        <w:tc>
            <w:tcPr>
               <w:vmerge/>

            </w:tcPr>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>7</w:t>
              </w:r>

            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>
                 <w:t>8</w:t>

              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
        <w:tc>
            <w:p>
              <w:r>

                 <w:t>9</w:t>
              </w:r>
            </w:p>
        </w:tc>
    </w:tr>

</w:tbl>
...

You can see the result in Figure 7:

Of course, there's a lot more to displaying tables in Word, but this should be enough to get you started. Check out the Resources for links to more information.

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