XML Reference Guide

Mar 14, 2003

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Now that you know how to create a basic document using WordprocessingML, let's look at getting a little bit more fancy. In this section, we'll look at adding some structure to the document with lists. (We'll look at tables next week.) Lists come in two varieties: numbered and bulletted. A numbered list can use a number of different schemes, such as Arabic (1, 2, 3...), Roman (I, II, III...) or aphabetical (A, B, C ...) in various alphabets. A bulletted list can use a number of different graphical bullets. You can also create lists within lists, and even mixed nubmered and bulletted lists. Let's start with the document we created last week: WordML -- XML in Microsoft Word 2003 Microsoft Office 2003's big claim to fame -- at least as far as I was concerned -- was the addition of support for XML. As far as Word 2003 is concerned, this support for falls into two categories: the ability to edit XML documents, and the ability to save an actual Word Document in Word Processing ML , which enables you to preserve all of the formatting and other information you need to recreate the Word document later. It's this second capability we're interested in now. In earlier versions of Word, if you wanted to analyze the content of a Word document, you could add styles, save it as HTML, and then jump through about a dozen flaming hoops to turn that HTML into XML you could then analyze. (Can you tell I've been there, done that?) This document, when opened in Word 2003, gives a basic document, as you can see in Figure 1: The complete document What we want to do now is add a numbered list. Let's start with the text we want to add: ... There are several ways that you can structure content within a document: Paragraphs Ordered lists Unordered lists Tables This adds the text to the document, as you can see in Figure 2: Adding text To turn that text into a list, we first have define the list itself in the head of the document: Now let's look at these definitions. First, we define the list definition itself via the listDef element. That element has a listDefId attribute, which lets us refer back to it. That list has several properties. The start element defines the value the list starts with. For example, you could use this value to start a list at, say, 5. The nfc element determines the numbering style. For example, 0 is Arabic numbers, 1 is uppercase Roman numerals, 2 is lowercase Roman numerals, 3 is uppercase alphabetical, and so on. You can find a list of all of these values in the WordProcessingML Schema Specification. (See the Resources for a link to the schema.) The lvlText element defines the format of the number at the beginning of each list item. Here we've decided we want the number and a period. For a number and a parenthesis, we would specify lvlText as %1). The lvlJvc element defines the justification of the list items. Finally, the pPr element and its children determines how the list items should look. Once we've defined the list definition, we can define the actual list. Using the list element, we've defined a list that we can refer to by its ilfo value (in this case, 1), and we've linked it to list definition number 0. OK, now we need to tell Word which paragraphs are part of that list. We can do that with the pPr element: There are several ways that you can structure content within a document: Paragraphs Ordered lists Unordered lists Tables Now, when Word displays the page, it knows that each of these paragraphs are part of the list, and displays them accordingly, as shown in Figure 3. Adding the list Now what about lists that have more than one level? You can go ahead and add items at a deeper level by specifying a second level definition and adding it to the list: WordML -- XML in Microsoft Word 2003 Microsoft Office 2003's big claim to fame -- at least as far as I was concerned -- was the addition of support for XML. As far as Word 2003 is concerned, this support for falls into two categories: the ability to edit XML documents, and the ability to save an actual Word Document in Word Processing ML , which enables you to preserve all of the formatting and other information you need to recreate the Word document later. It's this second capability we're interested in now. In earlier versions of Word, if you wanted to analyze the content of a Word document, you could add styles, save it as HTML, and then jump through about a dozen flaming hoops to turn that HTML into XML you could then analyze. (Can you tell I've been there, done that?) There are several ways that you can structure content within a document: Paragraphs Lists Ordered lists Unordered lists Tables This way, Word puts the new items in the appropriate place, and numbers them accordingly, as in Figure 4: Adding another level Well, that covers ordered lists, but what about unordered, or bulletted lists? Interestingly, they are actually just another form of numbered list, but instead of a number, they use a particular character: ... ... When you view the page in Word, it's become a bullet, as you can see in Figure 5: Adding another level Note that I had to specifically set the lvlText to the Â· character. Yes, character, singular. This is actually a "double-byte" character; if you try to use just Â, you'll find it's not a valid XML character. Notice also that I set the font to Symbol. The documentation's pretty murky on why to use this particular combination, and actually you can have some fun by using the Wingdings font instead and playing around with the lvlText value. Next time, tables!

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