XML Reference Guide

Mar 14, 2003

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When XML came upon the scene in a world that was used to the well-defined nature of HTML, the first thing most people said was, "That's nice, but what can I actually do with it?" That question has been more than answered just in the custom applications that people write with XML, using it both for marking up documents and for data storage. But a number of defined markup languages have also sprung up in addition to XHTML (a reformulation of HTML using XML's more strict rules). Here are some examples:

MathML provides a way to express the complex information that's often contained in mathematical equations. MathML includes both a presentational way of recording information (mostly used for displaying the actual equation) and a functional way (useful for enabling machine processing of the actual equation).
Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is a language that uses XML elements to describe graphical elements that appear on a page.
Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) provides a way to describe content such as audio and video presentations. It shares many features with SVG.
VoiceML describes a language that can be used to define the behavior of voice-related systems, such as the computers behind those "Press or say 'one' for ..." phone systems.
Resource Definition Format is more of a means for describing content than a format for the content itself. It involves the creation of elements or attributes that provide meta information.

Every month, it seems, someone announces a new markup language to fulfill some business purpose. BPML and ebXML attempt to provide a language for streamlining business communications. XFML provides a way to describe hierarchies of information (taxonomies).

Originally created to provide a way to determine whether a browser supports a particular extension to HTML, the W3C's modularization of XHTML specifies a way to create and describe XML modules that can be supported (or not supported) by a particular tool, enabling you to create and document your own language more flexibly than by simply creating a DTD or XML Schema.

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