Getting Started with Android Application Programming for the Kindle Fire
- Introducing Android
- Familiarizing Yourself with Eclipse
- Running and Debugging Applications
- Summary
- Exercises
This chapter is from the book
This chapter is from the book
This chapter is from the book
Android is the first complete, open, and free mobile platform. Developers enjoy a comprehensive software development kit (SDK), with ample tools for developing powerful, feature-rich applications. The platform is open source, relying on tried-and-true open standards with which developers will be familiar. Best of all, there are no costly barriers to entry for developers: no required fees. (A modest fee is required to publish on third-party distribution mechanisms, such as the Android Market.) Android developers have numerous options for distributing and commercializing their applications.
Introducing Android
To understand where Android fits with other mobile technologies, let’s take a minute to talk about how and why this platform came about.
Google and the Open Handset Alliance
In 2007, a group of handset manufacturers, wireless carriers, and software developers (notably, Google) formed the Open Handset Alliance, with the goal of developing the next generation of wireless platform. Unlike existing platforms, this new platform would be nonproprietary and based on open standards, which would lead to lower development costs and increased profits. Mobile software developers would also have unprecedented access to the handset features, allowing for greater innovation.
As proprietary platforms, such as RIM BlackBerry and Apple iPhone, gained traction, the mobile development community eagerly listened for news of this potential game-changing platform.
Android Makes Its Entrance
In 2007, the Open Handset Alliance announced the Android platform and launched a beta program for developers. Android went through the typical revisions of a new platform. Several preview versions of the Android SDK were released. The first Android handset (the T-Mobile G1) began shipping in late 2008. Throughout 2009 and 2010, new and exciting Android smartphones reached markets throughout the world, and the platform proved itself to industry and consumers alike. Over the last three years, numerous revisions to the Android platform have been rolled out, each providing compelling features for developers to leverage and users to enjoy. Recently, mobile platforms began to consider devices above and beyond the traditional smartphone paradigm to other devices, such as tablets, ebook readers, and set-top boxes, like Google TV.
As of this writing, hundreds of Android devices are available to consumers around the world—from high-end smartphones to low-end “free with contract” handsets and everything in between. This figure does not include the numerous Android tablet and e-book readers also available, the dozens of upcoming devices already announced, or the consumer electronics running Android. (For a nice list of Android devices, check out this Wikipedia link: http://goo.gl/fU2X5.) More than 450,000 applications are currently published on the Android Market (now called Google Play), and there are more than 30,000 applications on the Amazon Appstore for Android. In the United States, all major carriers now carry Android phones prominently in their product lines, as do many in Asia, Europe, Central/South America, and beyond. The rate of new Android devices reaching the world markets continues to increase.
Google has been a contributing member of the Open Handset Alliance from the beginning. The company hosts the Android open source project and the developer website (http://developer.android.com). This website is your go-to site for downloading the Android SDK, getting the latest platform documentation, and browsing the Android developer forums. Google also runs the most popular service for selling Android applications to end users: the Android Market. The Android mascot is a little green robot (see Figure 1.1).
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Figure 1.1. The Android Mascot (The Bugdroid)
Cheap and Easy Development
If there’s one time when “cheap and easy” is a benefit, it’s with mobile development. Wireless application development, with its ridiculously expensive compilers and preferential developer programs, has been notoriously expensive to break into compared to desktop development. Here, Android breaks the proprietary mold. Unlike other mobile platforms, there are virtually no costs to developing Android applications.
The Android SDK and tools are freely available on the Android developer website (http://developer.android.com [http://goo.gl/K8GgD]). The freely available Eclipse program has become the most popular integrated development environment (IDE) for Android application development; there is a powerful plug-in available on the Android developer site for facilitating Android development with Eclipse.
So, we covered cheap; now let’s talk about why Android development is easy. Android applications are written in Java, which is one of the most popular development languages around. Java developers will be familiar with many of the packages provided as part of the Android SDK, such as java.net. Experienced Java developers will be pleased to find that the learning curve for Android is reasonable.
In this book, we focus on the most common, popular, and simple setup for developing Android applications:
- We use the most common and supported development language: Java. Although we do not teach you Java, we try our best to keep the Java code we use simple and straightforward so that even beginners won’t wrestle with syntax. Even so, if you are new to Java, we recommend Sams Teach Yourself Java in 24 Hours by Rogers Cadenhead and Thinking in Java by Bruce Eckel, Fourth Edition in Print (Third Edition free from http://goo.gl/mtjoz—a zip file from Bruce Eckel’s site at http://www.mindviewinc.com/Books/).
- We use the most popular development environment: Eclipse. It’s free, it’s well supported by the Android team, and it’s the only supported IDE compatible with the Android Development Tools plug-in. Did we mention it’s free?
- We write instructions for the most common operating system used by developers: Windows. Users of Linux or Mac may need to translate some keyboard commands, paths, and installation procedures.
- We focus on the Android platform version available on the Amazon Kindle Fire: Android 2.3.4 (API Level 10).
If you haven’t installed the development tools needed to develop Android applications or the Android SDK and tools yet, do so at this time.
Let’s get started!