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Implicit Types

Lisp originally supported two types: lists and atoms. In fact, lists were really pairs, but the second element of a pair could also be a pair, leading to arbitrarily long sequences. Lisp evolved other types later, but they never have to be annotated explicitly. You can always query a Lisp object to find out its type and try manipulating it.

This kind of dynamic typing is common in modern scripting languages. In Lisp, it was quite novel. Earlier programming languages often omitted explicit typing. Most notably, assembly languages rarely tag memory locations with type information, but these languages required that the user always keep track of the type of every memory location or register. With Lisp, the language runtime environment kept track and could always be interrogated if the user forgot. This facility was very important for implementing garbage collection; if the environment didn't know what was an atom and what was a pointer, it couldn't trace the memory.

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Other Collection and Use of Information


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Marketing


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Sale of Personal Information


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Supplemental Privacy Statement for California Residents


California residents should read our Supplemental privacy statement for California residents in conjunction with this Privacy Notice. The Supplemental privacy statement for California residents explains Pearson's commitment to comply with California law and applies to personal information of California residents collected in connection with this site and the Services.

Sharing and Disclosure


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Links


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Requests and Contact


Please contact us about this Privacy Notice or if you have any requests or questions relating to the privacy of your personal information.

Changes to this Privacy Notice


We may revise this Privacy Notice through an updated posting. We will identify the effective date of the revision in the posting. Often, updates are made to provide greater clarity or to comply with changes in regulatory requirements. If the updates involve material changes to the collection, protection, use or disclosure of Personal Information, Pearson will provide notice of the change through a conspicuous notice on this site or other appropriate way. Continued use of the site after the effective date of a posted revision evidences acceptance. Please contact us if you have questions or concerns about the Privacy Notice or any objection to any revisions.

Last Update: November 17, 2020