- A Different Kind of Duck Typing
- The Template Method Strikes Again
- Parameterized Factory Methods
- Classes Are Just Objects, Too
- Bad News: Your Program Hits the Big Time
- Bundles of Object Creation
- Classes Are Just Objects (Again)
- Leveraging the Name
- Using and Abusing the Factory Patterns
- Factory Patterns in the Wild
- Wrapping Up
This chapter is from the book
This chapter is from the book
This chapter is from the book
Classes Are Just Objects, Too
A more significant objection to the Factory Method pattern as we have written it so far is that this pattern requires a separate subclass for each specific type of object that needs to be manufactured. This is reflected in the names of the subclasses in the last version—we have DuckWaterLilyPond and FrogAlgaePond, but we could have just as easily needed a DuckAlgaePond or a FrogWaterLilyPond. Add a few more types of animals and plants, and the number of possible subclasses becomes truly scary. But the only difference between the various flavors of ponds is the class of objects produced by the factory method: In the one case it produces lilies and ducks, and in the other it makes algae and frogs.
The thing to realize is that the Frog, Duck, WaterLily, and Algae classes are just objects—objects that make their living by producing other objects, but objects nevertheless. We can get rid of this whole hierarchy of Pond subclasses by storing the classes of the objects that we want to create in instance variables:
class Pond
def initialize(number_animals, animal_class,
number_plants, plant_class)
@animal_class = animal_class
@plant_class = plant_class
@animals = []
number_animals.times do |i|
animal = new_organism(:animal, "Animal#{i}")
@animals << animal
end
@plants = []
number_plants.times do |i|
plant = new_organism(:plant, "Plant#{i}")
@plants << plant
end
end
def simulate_one_day
@plants.each {|plant| plant.grow}
@animals.each {|animal| animal.speak}
@animals.each {|animal| animal.eat}
@animals.each {|animal| animal.sleep}
end
def new_organism(type, name)
if type == :animal
@animal_class.new(name)
elsif type == :plant
@plant_class.new(name)
else
raise "Unknown organism type: #{type}"
end
end
end
Using the new Pond class is not really any more complex than using the old one. We just pass the plant and animal classes into the constructor:
pond = Pond.new(3, Duck, 2, WaterLily) pond.simulate_one_day
By storing the animal and plant classes in Pond, we have knocked the number of classes that we need to write down to one. That’s a good thing, considering that we have not really added any additional complexity to Pond.