- The Class Hierarchy
- Creating a New Class
- Declaration and Instantiation
- Constructors and Destructors
- Garbage Collection
- Inheritance
- Object Operators
- Adding and Overriding Methods
- Calling the Overridden Method
- Overloading
- Casting
- Oddities
- Encapsulation
- Access Scope: Public, Private, Protected
- Setting Properties with Methods
- Default and Optional Parameters
- Declaring Variables Static and Const
- Revisiting the StringParser Module
- Example: Creating a Properties Class
- Data-Oriented Classes and Visual Basic Data Types
- Advanced Techniques
This chapter is from the book
This chapter is from the book
This chapter is from the book
Casting
I alluded to the fact that a subclass is a member of the parent class, but the parent class is not a member of the subclass. This makes perfect sense, but it can at times make for some confusion, especially when dealing with overridden and overloaded methods.
I want to return to the Alpha and Beta classes from the previous examples and add a method to each one; this will illustrate the potential confusion (at least, it was confusing to me).
Alpha will add the following:
Sub TestMethod(a as Alpha)
Beta will add the following:
Sub TestMethod(b as Beta)
First, take a look at the following example:
Dim a as Alpha
Dim b as Beta
Dim s as String
a = New Beta("What's this?")
What is a? Is it an Alpha or a Beta? One way to tell would be to invoke the getName() method and see what is returned. If you recall, I overloaded the getName() method so that it accepted a string as a parameter.
s = a.getName("My String") // Error!
If you try to call the Beta method you'll get an error. That's because as far as REALbasic is concerned, a represents an Alpha. However, because you instantiated it as a Beta, you do have access to Beta's methods. You can do this by casting the a as a Beta.
s = Beta(a).getName("My String") // s equals "My String"
Reference the class to which you are casting the object, followed by the object surrounded in parentheses, and now you will get access to the methods of Beta.
Note that the following will not work:
Dim a as Alpha
Dim b as Beta
Dim s as String
a = New Alpha("What's this?")
s = Beta(a).getName("A String") // Error
The reason is that a is an Alpha, not a Beta. Recall that the superclass is not a member of the subclass.
Dim a as Alpha
Dim bool as Boolean
a = New Alpha("What's this?")
bool = (a Isa Beta) // bool is False